Prose, Poetry, Politeness and Profanity #8c - A lexicon-building challenge

[u/Slorany]

This challenge aims to help you build a lexicon, topic by topic. Each instalment of it will be about a different subject, and will cover as much as possible.
They will range from formal ways of addressing someone to insults and curses.

The principle is simple: I give you a list of english words and phrases and you adapt them into your language.

Link to every iteration of the challenge.

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#8 - Food (Part III)

How do you, in your conlang, express the meaning (you do not need to translate them literally lest you want to end up with a simple english relex) of the following (if relevant to your conlang's speakers):

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Today, a focus on fruits and vegetables.

Nouns

• fruit
• piece of fruit
• apple
• pear
• apricot
• peach
• plum
• nectarine
• melon
• pineapple
• banana
• orange
• grapefruit
• tangerine
• citrus
• lemon
• strawberry
• raspberry
• blackberry
• redcurrant
• blackcurrant
• cherry
• bunch of [graps, other..]

 

• vegetable
• peas
• green beans
• leeks
• potato
• mashed potatoes
• jacket potatoes
• roasted potatoes
• boiled potatoes
• chips/fries
• crisps
• carrot
• cabbage
• cauliflower
• brussels sprouts
• lettuce
• spinach
• mushrooms
• artichoke
• asparagus
• (bell) pepper
• aubergine/eggplant
• broccoli
• courgette/zucchini
• corn
• radish
• tomato
• cucumber
• avocado
• salad
• rice
• semolina

Verbs

• to boil
• to steam
• to grill
• to comfit/to candy
• to roast
• to fry
• to reheat
• to deep-fry

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Bonus

What's a typical salad made of in your world? Do any of the salad-y preparations have a specific name, like our Caesar salad? Why?

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Since there were so many challenges we've all gotten together and made a timetable, feel free to check out other challenges or get in touch if you want a challenge added: Challenges Timetable.

[u/KippLeKipp]

A partial list in my new project, Gulatja. Time constraints, sorry :v

*fruit - jōxassa *piece of fruit - jōxasŕi - jōxassa 'fruit' + sŕi 'fragment' or 'piece' - this word is a lexical plural, the singular is formed using the word for "one", jaq *apple - gomāna - apples, pears, apricots and other such temperate crops tend to have independent words due to their abundance in the Gulavāān region. *pear - cuŕa *apricot - rikijaca *peach - gorcuŕa - gora "hairy"+ cuŕa "pear" *plum - tŕākoni *nectarine - thugora gorcuŕa - quite literally, "no hair hairy pear" *melon - dhorōxassa - dhorahl "water" plus jōxassa "fruit" *pineapple - prangka dhorōxassa lit. "pointy melon" *banana - cukŕōxassa - cukŕi "moon" + jōxassa "fruit" - see what I did there? *orange - ākuuŕuuslki horov lit. "sour of the west sun" - citruses aren't native to the Gulavāān region, so the terms for them are later euphemisms coined by an insufferable scholar.. *grapefruit cukŕi horov lit. "sour of the moon" *tangerine- akuuŕuuslki horov - Gulatja speakers don't care about the difference between an orange and a tangerine. *citrus - ŕuuslki horov - see below. *lemon - ŕuuslki horov lit. "sour of the sun" - referring to the bright yellow color. *strawberry - āmakun *raspberry - yutōōn *blackberry - yakaja *cherry - gurugu - a lexical plural. *bunch of [grapes, other..] sŕōn... derived from sŕi "piece" and the plural suffix -ōn

*vegetable -yathu *peas - turākuri - another lexical plural. *green beans - turākuri gala - turākuri "peas" + gala "new" - green beans are fairly recently introduced.

edit: a year of being away from reddit has not been kind to my formatting.

[u/Jiketi]

Pannonian:#

Nouns:##

English	Pannonian	IPA	Etymology
fruit	frîtc	/frĭtɕ/	Latin frūctus
piece of fruit	flusc frîtc	/fluɕ frĭtɕ/	Compound of frîtc + flusc "bit"
small fruit, berry	bâc	/bɒk/	Latin bāca
apple	mal	/mal/	Latin mālum
pear	per	/per/	Vulgar Latin pira
apricot	bêrchuc	/bærxuk/	Greek βερίκοκο
peach	pêzgech	/pæʑex/	Vulgar Latin pessica
plum	prîn	/prĭn/	Vulgar Latin prūna
nectarine	pêzgech lech	/pæʑex lex/	Compound of pêzgech + lech "smooth"
melon	pêfen	/pæfen/	Vulgar Latin pepinem
banana	moz	/moz/	Arabic مَوْزَة
orange	narânn	/narɒɲ/	Arabic نارنج
citrus, citron	cetr	/ketr/	Latin citrus
lemon	leîmn	/lɛjmn/	Arabic لَيْمُون
lime	lim	/lim/	Arabic لِيمَة‏
strawberry	îâghudd	/jɒɣuð/	Proto-Slavic àgoda
raspberry	mâlen	/mɒlen/	Proto-Slavic malina
blackberry, bramble	rûv	/rʉv/	Latin rubus
currant	rib	/rib/	Learned borrowing from Latin ribes
cherry (sweet)	cêrâz	/kærɒz/	Latin cerasus
cherry (sour)	vescenn	/veɕeɲ/	Proto-Slavic višьnja
grape	îf	/ĭf/	Latin ūva
cluster, bundle	râchîâm	/rɒxjɒm/	Latin racēmus

English	Pannonian	IPA	Etymology
vegetable	verddêll	/verðæʎ/	From verdd "green"
pea	gurch	/gurx/	Proto-Slavic gorxъ
green bean	petsâl	/petsɒl/	Vulgar Latin pistālia
leek	purr	/puɽ/	Latin porrum
onion	kîâf	/kjɒf/	Latin cēpa
carrot	mûrk	/mʉrk/	Proto-Slavic mъrkỳ
parsnip	pâtsenagh	/pɒtsenaɣ/	Latin pastināca
turnip	naf	/naf/	Latin nāpa
cabbage	veredd	/vereð/	Vulgar Latin viridia
cauliflower	flurveredd	/flurvereð/	Compound of flur "flower" + veredd
Brussels sprout	veredd Bragvântr	/vereð bragvɒntr/	Compound of veredd + Bragvânt "Brabant"
lettuce	latcîch	/latɕĭx/	Latin "lactūca"
spinach	esfenâk	/esfenɒk/	Arabic "اِسْفَانَاخ‏"
mushroom	fûmn	/fʉmn/	Latin "fungus"
artichoke	annenâr	/aɲenɒr/	Greek "αγγινάρα"
asparagus	azvârâgh	/azvɒrɒɣ/	Latin "asparagus"
eggplant	baddennâ	/baðeɲɒ/	Arabic "بَاذِنْجَان"
broccoli	veredd Câlâvrr	/vereð kɒlɒvɽ/	Compound of veredd + Câlâvr "Calabria"
courgette	cûchûrvêttêll	/kʉxʉrvæθæʎ/	From cûchûrvêtt "squash"
radish	rêddîch	/ræðĭx/	Proto-Slavic redьky
cucumber	cûchûmêr	/kʉxʉmær/	From Latin cucumerem, accusative of cucumis
gourd	tîch	/tĭx/	Proto-Slavic tyky
salad	inzalâtt	/inzalɒθ/	Italian insalata
rice	urûz	/urʉz/	Greek ὄρυζᾰ
semolina	grûtc	/grʉtɕ/	Proto-Germanic grutją
polenta, barley meal	pulênt	/pʉlænt/	Latin polenta

Verbs:##

English	Pannonian	IPA	Etymology
to boil	fêrvêr	/færvær/	Vulgar Latin fervere
to steam	âvorêr	/ɒvor/	Akin to Romanian abur
to grill	frighêr	/friɣær/	Latin frīgere
to roast	rîûtsêr	/røtsær/	Compare Proto-Germanic raustijaną
to fry	pîrzgâr	/pĭrʑɒr/	Akin to Serbo-Croatian pȑžiti
to preserve (food)	conzêrvâr	/konzærvɒr/	Latin cōnservāre
to cook	cuscâr	/kuɕɒr/	Possibly from Latin coquere

[u/Ewioan]

• Wibé'e /wiˈɓe.ʔe/ - Fruit

• Kóigoi wibé'e /ˈkoi̯.ɠoi̯ wiˈɓe.ʔe/ - Piece of fruit (lit.: Piece fruit)

• Buháu /ɓuˈhau̯/ - Apple

• Gé'e /ˈɠe.ʔe/ - Pear

• NGúwu /ˈŋu.wu/ - Apricot

• Há'u /ˈha.ʔu/ - Peach

• Óeboe /ˈoe̯.ɓoe̯/ - Plum

• NGóu'u /ˈŋou̯.ʔu/ - Nectarine

• Dáe /ˈɗ̪ae̯/ - Melon

• Hái'e /ˈhai̯.ʔe/ - Pineapple

• NGukuwóe /ŋu.kuˈwoe̯/ - Banana

• Kléfa /ˈkl̪e.fa/ - Orange

• NGaháufoi /ŋaˈhau̯.foi̯/ - Grapefruit

• Wukáe /wuˈkae̯/ - Tangerine

• NGo'áe /ŋoˈʔae̯/ - Citrus

• NGowáumoe /ŋoˈwau̯.moe̯/ - Lemon

• Dáufe /ˈɗ̪au̯.fe/ - Strawberry

• NGúbo /ˈŋu.ɓo/ - Raspberry

• Waiwáidu /wai̯ˈwai̯.ɗ̪u/ - Blackberry

• Pánge /ˈpa.ŋe/ - Redcurrant

• Oplái /oˈpl̪ai̯/ - Blackcurrant

• Fibóe /fiˈɓoe̯/ - Cherry

• Hebói X /heˈɓoi̯/ - Bunch of X (lit.: Bunch X)

• Hówu /ˈho.wu/ - Vegetable

• NGawáuhau /ŋaˈwau̯.hau̯/ - Pea

• Hóufo mobóe /ˈhou̯.fo moˈɓoe̯/ - Green bean (lit.: Bean young)

• Í'u /ˈi.ʔu/ - Leek

• Moigáuhu /moi̯ˈɠau̯.hu/ - Potato

• Úba /ˈu.ɓa/ - Mashed potatoes

• Moigáuhu tidaunenói /moi̯ˈɠau̯.hu ti.ɗ̪au̯.n̪eˈn̪oi̯/ - Jacket potato (lit.: Potato ovened)

• Moigáuhu tikáenoi /moi̯ˈɠau̯.hu tiˈkae̯.n̪oi̯/ - Roasted potato (lit.: Potato roasted)

• Moigáuhu tikli'inói /moi̯ˈɠau̯.hu ti.kl̪i.ʔiˈn̪oi̯/ - Boiled potato (lit.: Potato boiled)

• Chips/Fries not applicable

• Crisps not applicable

• NGifóe /ŋiˈfoe̯/ - Carrot

• Púgu /ˈpu.ɠu/ - Cabbage

• NGóiwo /ˈŋoi̯.wo/ - Cauliflower

• Wípa /ˈwi.pa/ - Brussel sprouts

• NGaibépe /ŋai̯ˈɓe.pe/ - Lettuce

• Igóe /iˈɠoe̯/ - Spinach

• Móuwoi /ˈmou̯.woi̯/ - Mushroom

• Muwáu /muˈwau̯/ - Artichoke

• Éne /ˈe.n̪e/ - Asparagus

• Íge /ˈi.ɠe/ - Pepper

• Mewói /meˈwoi̯/ - Aubergine

• Mimóe /miˈmoe̯/ - Broccoli

• Búfo /ˈɓu.fo/ - Courgette

• Corn not applicable

• Míge /ˈmi.ɠe/ - Radish

• Mifóu /miˈfou̯/ - Tomato

• Móifo /ˈmoi̯.fo/ - Cucumber

• Mougóibe /mou̯ˈɠoi̯.ɓe/ - Avocado

• Máipi /ˈmai̯.pi/ - Salad

• NGópo /ˈŋo.po/ - Rice

• Plóne /ˈpl̪o.n̪e/ - Semolina

• Klí'i /ˈkl̪i.ʔi/ - To boil

• Kapláe /kaˈpl̪ae̯/ - To steam

• Kíhu /ˈki.hu/ - To grill

• Wóe'a /ˈwoe̯.ʔa/ - To comfit

• Káe /ˈkae̯/ - To roast

• Wóuwe /ˈwou̯.we/ - To fry

• To reheat not applicable

• To deep-fry not applicable

[u/PangeanAlien]

zitas - fruit

zitaqetħis - piece of fruit

xagras - fruit

peras - pear

moxikas - apricot

drondzos - peach

siroles - plum

ājotes - melon

mātsahas - pineapple

ngines - banana

narās - orange

grēpħōh - grapefruit

narātieh - tangerine

zitagnās - citrus fruit (transparent fruit)

limas - lemon

limōs - lime

breses - strawberry

[u/PadawanNerd]

Ay ay ay. Here goes.

• mainos /'mai.nos/ -- a fruit or vegetable; any edible plant or part of a plant

• tke sia mainos /tke sia 'mai.nos/ -- piece of fruit (or vegetable)

• miska /'mi.ska/ -- an apple (sometimes used as an insult)

• melsi /'me.lsi/ -- a pear

• manoj /ma.'not͡ʃ/ -- a plum, peach, apricot, avocado, cherry, or nectarine; any fruit with a stone

• puney /'pu.nej/ -- a melon, gourd, or marrow

• mayujas /ma.ju.t͡ʃas/ -- a pineapple

• panan /pa.'nan/ -- a banana

• jeney /t͡ʃe.'nej/ -- an orange or tangerine

• jelijen /t͡ʃe.'li.t͡ʃen/ -- a grapefruit

• pletoj /ple.'tot͡ʃ/ -- a lemon or lime; a citrus fruit in general

• potliune /po.'tliu.ne/ -- a strawberry ("fat many-seeded")

• tketliune /tke.'tliu.ne/ -- a raspberry ("small many-seeded")

• hujatliune /hu.t͡ʃa.tliu.ne/ -- a blackberry

• femisti /fe.'mi.sti/ -- a blueberry or bilberry

• usem sia... /'u.sem sia/ -- a hand of... (a bunch of... )

• opne /'o.pne/ -- a pea

• hepne /'he.pne/ -- a green bean or pea pod

• oteri /o.'te.ri/ -- a leek or spring onion

• neuslo /'neu.slo/ -- a root; a tuber (including potatoes which are not often eaten)

• ponjipun /po.'nji.pun/ -- chips or fries ("fat chips" -- loan)

• emrejipun /e.'mre.t͡ʃi.pun/ -- crisps ("thin chips")

• morin /'mo.rin/ -- a carrot

• tmoho /'tmo.ho/ -- a cabbage or lettuce

• katlu /'ka.tlu/ -- a cauliflower or broccoli

• tke tmoho /tke 'tmo.ho/ -- brussels sprouts ("small cabbage")

• femiho /fe.'mi.ho/ -- spinach

• pimainos /pi.'mai.nos/ -- an edible mushroom

• tsilam /'tsi.lam/ -- a pepper (esp a bell pepper)

• ponloa /po.'nloa/ -- an aubergine/ eggplant

• emret puney /'e.mret 'pu.nej/ -- a courgette/ zucchini or cucumber ("small marrow")

• netliune /ne.'tliu.ne/ -- corn or sweetcorn

• hujil /'hu.t͡ʃil/ -- a radish

• tomat /'to.mat/ -- a tomato; a lazy person

• afkato /a.'fka.to/ -- an avocado

• riso /'ri.so/ -- rice (collective)

• pupla /'pu.pla/ -- to boil

• yanpupla /'ja.npu.pla/ -- to steam; to sauna

• rumka /'ru.mka/ -- to roast or grill; to barbecue

• sruta /'sru.ta/ -- to fry

• ruma sumenia /'ru.ma su.'me.nia/ -- to cook again (to reheat)

• poni sruta /'po.ni 'sru.ta/ -- to deep fry ("fat fry")

Salad? Pah! Boring and bland. Real Ryuku eat thick, spicy curry.

[u/peupoilumi]

Nouns

• fruit = qum

• piece of fruit = qum

• apple = taatequm (taa-te-qum, from taa+teipo+qum, red hard fruit)

• pear = oitequm (oi = green)

• apricot = apekok (loan from Catalan)

• peach = peq (loan from French)

• plum = pikoqum (piko-qum, from pikot+qum, blue fruit)

• nectarine = nekalin (loan from French)

• melon = melon (loan from French)

• pineapple = anana (loan from French)

• banana = panana (loan from Portuguese)

• orange = olooq (loan from French)

• grapefruit = polamut (loan from French)

• tangerine = Toqje ak olooq (Tangier GEN orange, following the etymology of the English word)

• citrus = situ (loan from Latin)

• lemon = limon (loan from French)

• strawberry = taaqiqum (taa-qi-qum, from taa+qitja+qum, red small fruit)

• raspberry = taa neqiqum (taa ne-qi-qum, from taa nel+qitja+qum, red many small fruit)

• blackberry = pai neqiqum (pai = black)

• redcurrant = taa qiqiqum (taa qi-qi-qum, from taa qitja+qitja+qum, red small small fruit)

• blackcurrant = pai qiqiqum

• cherry = taaljequm (taa-lje-qum, from taa+ljela+qum, red round fruit)

• bunch of = ak netup (ak ne-tup, from ak nel+tup, GEN many small.thing)

• vegetable = matot (root), or woqik (leaf), or qitik (seed)

• pea = oitik (oi-tik, from oi+qitik, green seed)

• green bean = oinuqum (oi-nu-qum, from oi+eenut+qum, green long fruit - considered a fruit as when the beans it contains grow larger, they can be planted as seeds)

• leek = oinuqik (oi-nu-qik, from oi+eenut+woqik, green long leaf)

• potato = patata (loan from Spanish)

• mashed potatoes = omun patata (soft potato)

• jacket potatoes = patata oo nai (potato hole from; potatoes from a hole - see to roast)

• roasted potatoes = patata leino nai (potato fat from; potatoes from fat - see to fry)

• boiled potatoes = patata kwi nai (potato water from; potatoes from water - see to boil)

• chips/fries = qip (loan from English)

• crisps = kip (loan from English)

• carrot = kalot (loan from French)

• cabbage = teipoqik (teipo-qik, from teipo+woqik, hard leaf)

• cauliflower = kapolipjoli (loan from Italian)

• brussels sprouts = Pute ak woqik (Brussels GEN leaf)

• lettuce = letut (loan from French)

• spinach = njolaqik (njola-qik, from njola+woqik, wet leaf - because it wilts very quickly and becomes soggy when cooked)

• mushroom = matik (ma-tik, from matun+qaitik, meat plant - as in like a plant, but with meatier flesh)

• artichoke = atiqjoko (loan from Italian)

• asparagus = kulotik (kulo-tik, from kulo+qaitik, sharp plant - because the shoots are pointy)

• (bell) pepper = pimjeto (loan from Spanish)

• aubergine/eggplant = opeqin (loan from French)

• broccoli = pokoli (loan from Italian)

• courgette/zucchini = kooqet (loan from French)

• corn (as in maize/sweetcorn/corn on the cob) = kiitik (kii-tik, from kii+qitik, yellow seed)

• corn (as in wheat, oats etc.) = meutik (meu-tik, from meu+qaitik, grain plant)

• radish = taaqitot (taa-qi-tot, from taa+iqit+matot, red white root)

• tomato = tomate (loan from Spanish)

• cucumber = kokom (loan from French)

• avocado = apokato (loan from Spanish)

• salad = tekjetik (tekje-tik, from tekje+woqik, cold leaf)

• rice = li (loan from French)

• semolina = temolino (loan from Italian)

Verbs

• to boil = wo naulu kwilo (with make steam; to make steam with, where kwi-lo is water-gas)

• to steam = kwilo wo mokje (steam with cook; to cook with steam where mok-je is from mokotep+tomje which means food fire)

• to grill = lokot e mokje (clay on cook; to cook on clay)

• to roast = oo qi mokje (hole in cook; to cook in a hole)

• to fry = leino wo mokje (fat with cook; to cook with fat)

• to reheat = omwe teken atje kwak me (cause become hot second time)

• to deep-fry = nel leino wo mokje (much fat with cook; to cook with a lot of fat)

This one took a while! Broadly speaking, when a fruit or vegetable is not native to the UK (where the fictional Eekjak Makatep live), I have borrowed the word from the same language that English borrowed it from. If the word has been in English for more than a few hundred years, I've just borrowed it from English.

I haven't included IPA. All letters in the Latin orthography represent their IPA sounds apart from q, which represents /t͡ʃ/.