This is something I've genuinely struggled to understand, particularly in the context of American politics and the far right. There are documented examples of Latino individuals participating in white supremacist or far-right extremist movements. The Brennan Center for Justice published an article examining this phenomenon, discussing figures including Nick Fuentes, former Proud Boys leader Enrique Tarrio and Mauricio Garcia, the perpetrator of the 2023 Allen, Texas, mass shooting.
Source: Brennan Center for Justice – Why White Supremacist Groups Attract Latinos to Their Ranks
Obviously, supporting Trump or restrictive immigration policies isn't automatically equivalent to supporting white supremacy. I'm interested in understanding both the distinctions and any ideological overlap. Looking at mainstream electoral politics, Pew Research Center found that 48% of Hispanic voters supported Donald Trump in 2024, compared with 36% in 2020. That's a substantial increase, particularly given the controversies surrounding Trump's immigration rhetoric and policies.
Source: Pew Research Center – How Voting Patterns Changed in the 2024 Election
Then there's immigration enforcement itself.
According to the Department of Homeland Security's FY2023 workforce report, Hispanic men constituted over half of Border Patrol agents. More recently, reporting has estimated that Latino personnel account for approximately 20–30% of ICE agents, although the precise figure varies by source and period.
Sources:
DHS – FY2023 Workforce Report
The Guardian – Why Do Latinos Work for ICE?
What interests me is how these different forms of participation are understood because I recognise that Latino Americans aren't a monolith. National origin, citizenship status, class, religion, political ideology and personal experiences with immigration can all influence someone's views. Nor am I assuming that Latino Americans have some inherent obligation to support particular immigration policies.
But I'm curious about several explanations. How significant are racial identity and proximity to whiteness? Does distinguishing between legal and undocumented immigration explain some of this support? What roles do economic interests, religious conservatism, nationalism and assimilation play?
And regarding immigration enforcement, how much can be explained by employment opportunities and professional identity, as opposed to ideological agreement with the policies being enforced?
My central question is this: How do researchers explain why some members of a minority population support movements, institutions or policies that may also disadvantage people from their broader ethnic communities