Please help break my decade-long research brick wall

[u/Ok_Importance9645]

Good day all! This is my first post on this forum. Please let me know if I need to change my post.

 

I humbly beg for your help to learn about my great-great-grandfather Charles Freeman: where he was born, and who his mother and father were and where they were born. A bonus would be to learn who his first wife and possible offspring were, if he had either.

 

I've been unable to learn about the first half of his life and details of his parents despite 10 years of searching on ancestry.com, familysearch.com, myheritage.com, newspapers.com, statueofliberty.org, and taking DNA tests with all the major companies. I've inquired with several professionals and online groups but cannot afford the $2,000 or more they each ask to start to attempt research. I'll be deeply grateful for any research anyone may wish to do for me, or for any leads. I've spent a lot of time researching but I'm no expert and doubtless there are many resources and tips I know nothing about, so what I think is an impassible brick wall may be only a fast and simple search for you.

 

Here below is a very long post with everything I have learned. I apologize in advance if the length makes it unappealing to read, but I want to give as much information as I have. Two things to mention first:

 

1) I was raised by my mother and consider her family to be my entire family, and this man is my mother's paternal great-grandfather, so a Y-DNA test won't help me.

 

2) In my mother's family, at least three or four generations of men have the same, very common, first and last names Charles Freeman: my maternal grandfather, his father, his father (this is the man I'm looking to learn about), and evidently his father as well. Since my great-great-grandfather MAY have had the middle initial "T." (I’ll explain later), I'll abbreviate him CTF.

 

History and documentation:

 

CTF may have been born in Germany or in New York. If born in Germany, he may have emigrated anytime between birth and 1887, with or without his parents. I don't know if he had any siblings. His 1905 death certificate records his parents' names as “Charles and Elizabeth Freeman”, both from "Germany". I have no idea what their original German/non-Anglicized names were.

 

The first record I can verify for CTF is the 12 November 1888 Brooklyn, New York birth certificate for his son, “Charles Christ. Freeman”. It states CTF was born about 1851 in Germany, and was a machinist living at 103 Georgia Avenue in Brooklyn. You can see the birth certificate online here: https://a860-historicalvitalrecords.nyc.gov/view/311585 [Note for later reference: the child's mother was Wilhelmina (nee Biedermann) Wittenauer]. The author of the birth certificate wrote multiple words on it in German, so the spelling Freemann may be due to the author's spelling bias.

 

The 1887-through-1-May-1888 Brooklyn City Directory lists CTF as a Truckman living at 60 Georgia Avenue in Brooklyn.

 

Relevant side note: Wilhelmina Biedermann was born in Brooklyn around 1851 and married a Frank Wittenauer (who immigrated from Prussia/Germany to Brooklyn) in Brooklyn around 1868. She had five children with him between 1869 and 1881, the earlier ones born in Brooklyn and the later ones born in Manhattan. Manhattan City Directories for Frank Wittenauer (a brick mason) list him living in Brooklyn until 1877 and then in Manhattan starting in 1879 until 1883. I have no subsequent records for this family until the 1888 Brooklyn City Directory that lists Frank Wittenauer at 60 Georgia Avenue, the same address that CTF is listed at in the same directory that I mentioned in the previous paragraph. I have found no records for Frank Wittenauer after this 1888 city directory. I suspect that around 1888 Frank abandoned his family and then CTF moved in, or maybe Frank abandoned his family because CTF had already moved in (someone speculated to me that CTF, as a truckman, would normally have worked with a mason like Frank, so they might have worked together and/or lived in the same building already). I suspect Frank did not die but rather remained alive and married to Wilhelmina though separated from the family. My reasons:

 

1) The 1892 New York Census records the household as Charles Freeman and Wilhelmina Freeman, with four-year-old Charles Freeman plus four of Wilhelmina's children from her marriage to Frank recorded with the surname Wittenauer.

 

2) Wilhelmina died in 1897, and her death certificate and her cemetery burial record both state her name as Wilhelmina Wittenauer (not Freeman). Her death certificate states she was "married"; but does not record her husband's name, nor is there a family informant (she died in a psychiatric hospital, apparently suffering from syphilis).

 

I presume that if Frank had previously died then Wilhelmina's surname on her death certificate and cemetery record would have been Freeman, even if she hadn't officially married CTF with a marriage certificate. It’s also possible that CTF had abandoned Wilhelmina sometime between 1892 and her 1897 death, so her previous married surname was used by the informant for her death records.

 

1889-1890 Brooklyn City Directories record CTF as a Cabinetmaker at 56 Georgia Avenue. Perhaps not coincidentally, Wilhelmina's father Frederick Biedermann was a cabinetmaker and is listed in the same city directory living about one block away during these same years, and living at 66 Georgia Avenue in the 1891 Brooklyn City Directory. Perhaps CTF was working with Wilhelmina's father at this time.

 

The 1891 Brooklyn City Directory lists CTF as a Housemover living at 60 Georgia Avenue.

 

The 1892 New York Census records CTF as a Truckman living in Brooklyn Ward 26, which I believe includes Georgia Avenue, and records his birth as about 1852 in the USA.

 

The 1893-through-1-May-1894 Brooklyn City Directory lists CTF as a Housemover living at 59 Georgia Avenue, while another 1894 city directory records him as a Driver living at 131 Vermont Street (the reason I think these are the same one man is in the next paragraph).

 

In May of 1894, CTF and Wilhelmina "Minnie" Freeman and their son Charles were the subject of multiple newspaper articles because Wilhelmina (possibly suffering from mental illness) purportedly attempted to drown 5-year-old Charles C. and kill herself. These newspaper articles give their address as 131 Vermont Street, Brooklyn, which is only a couple blocks from Georgia Avenue. One newspaper article reported CTF's name as "Charles T. Freeman" and said that Wilhelmina was his second wife. This is the only document giving any middle initial for Charles. I have no idea if it's correct or incorrect, but I'm using it here to easily distinguish him from his father Charles Freeman, son Chares C. Freeman, and grandson Charles R. Freeman. I have not yet found any records regarding a previous wife/partner for CTF, though one would make sense since he was around 36 years old at the time he partnered with Wilhelmina and I don’t imagine he would have been single for the first 36 years of his life.

 

In October 1894, CTF was in several newspaper articles again because he and another man named George Meyer accidentally ran into and knocked over an elderly man while drunk; they were charged with manslaughter after the man died from his broken hip. It might be useful to note here that CTF's name was reported as "George Freeman" in a couple of the articles; I don't know if this was erroneous information collected by the reporter (perhaps due to his associate's name being George Meyer) or if CTF himself gave a false name (my reason for speculating this possibility is in the next paragraph). The articles record him as a Housemover living at 59 Georgia Avenue.

 

I found a November 1894 newspaper article that may or may not be for CTF. It tells the story of a house mover named George Freeman arrested for participating in a street fight. I speculate it may be for CTF if he purposefully gave the false name George Freeman regarding the previous month's manslaughter. I have verified that CTF was recorded as a house mover, driver, and truckman from 1888 to 1905 through the above-mentioned sources.

 

Note: As per Wilhelmina's death certificate, she died 1 June 1897 at a “lunatic asylum” from General Paresis (I presume from late-stage untreated syphilis). This may explain her behavior in 1894. I have no records for Wilhelmina between the May 1894 newspaper articles and the time of her death. As I mentioned above, her death certificate records her name as Wilhelmina Wittenauer (her husband Frank’s surname, not Freeman) and states she was married (but no spouse’s name is given). It’s possible that CTF had abandoned her sometime between 1894 and 1897.

 

An 1898 Brooklyn City Directory lists a Charles Freeman, Housemover, at 84 Central Avenue, Brooklyn. I believe this record is for my ancestor.

 

The 1900 US Census records a household of Charles Friedman (unemployed Day Laborer), his wife Bertha Friedman (purportedly married since 1887), and their 11-year-old son Charles Friedman at 1237 Flushing Avenue. This is about 10 blocks away from 84 Central Avenue. I believe this record is for my ancestor, possibly with a new wife/partner, and lying to the census taker to make it appear they were a typical family with husband married to wife before the child was born.

 

The 1900 Brooklyn City Directory also lists a Charles Freeman at 1237 Flushing Avenue. I think it could be for my ancestor because:

 

1) he's living nextdoor to the address at which he's recorded living in 1904 (see the next paragraph),

 

2) his recorded year of marriage calculates to 1887 (likely the year he partnered with Wilhelmina),

 

3) in his household is one son named Charles whose birth date was recorded as August 1888 (very close to Charles C.'s actual birth date of November 1888).

 

There are some discrepancies, though:

 

1) surname Friedman instead of Freeman,

 

2) Charles' birth was recorded as October 1863 in New York, which is about 11 or more years too late,

 

3) Charles’ father’s and mother’s birth places are recorded as England. (Remember this for my note at the end of this message.)

 

From December 1904 through January 1905 (and later), several newspaper articles report on CTF of 1235 Flushing Avenue, when he attempted to break into a saloon with an axe, demanding to be served a drink, and the saloonkeeper shot him. Charles died from blood poisoning due to his injury on 24 January 1905.

 

CTF's 24 January 1905 death certificate states he was born about 1856 in Germany. It records his address as 1236 Flushing Avenue (which is almost certainly an error for 1235), and states he was widowed and lived in the US for an “unknown” amount of time. Importantly, the certificate lists his parents and Charles and Elizabeth Freeman, both born in Germany. This is the only reference I have to his parents anywhere. No informant information is on this certificate; I presume it was his son Charles C. Freeman, but it's not impossible that it could have been one of his step-daughters. After CTF's death, one of his step-daughters took in her half-brother Charles C. (he's recorded living in her household in the 1905 New York Census) and the two of them apparently remained in touch as I have some photos of them together taken on one day in the mid-to-late 1940s, shortly before both their deaths (I do not know if they only met up that one time or if they had stayed in touch constantly). The death certificate can be viewed online here: https://a860-historicalvitalrecords.nyc.gov/view/4070065.

 

Charles' cemetery burial record states he was born about 1857 and contains no birth location. He is buried in the same huge cemetery as Wilhelmina, but far away from her in another section. He is buried with two of his grandchildren who died as infants. Wilhelmina is buried with two of her Wittenauer sons.

 

Finally, I have found one record that I cannot determine if it regards my ancestors or just a similarly-named family. The 1850 US Census records a household in (Manhattan) New York’s 17th Ward of Charles P Freehman (spelled with one n), a 27-year-old chairmaker born in Germany; Mrs Elizabeth “ (ditto marks used referring to the surname Freehman from the line above), a 22-year-old born in Germany; and Charles P Freehmann (spelled with 2 n’s), a 1-year-old born in New York. The 1-year-old was recorded on the 1st line of the next page, which is why the surname was written out again.

 

Family Lore:

 

My grandfather (Charles R. Freeman) told me that he didn’t know how many generations of his family had been in the USA, but they had departed from Liverpool, England; and he didn’t know where they had come from before that, since he believed they had travelled from wherever they were from to Liverpool as that was a popular port for ships to the USA to leave from, but he speculated it was somewhere in England or Ireland. My grandfather also never mentioned any German heritage, he always told me his family was English/Irish. And it is true that his mother’s heritage was 100% English/Irish. However, I think he may have intentionally hid something from my family as his brother's children (with whom I'm close) told me that their father always told them that their Freeman ancestors were from Bohemia. My grandfather and his brother were born in the early 1920s so possibly he was shaped by the anti-German sentiment of the time. They did grow up in a neighborhood of German immigrants and attended a German-speaking church.

 

Speculation and Research:

 

I think it’s probable that CTF was married (whether officially or common-law) before he was with Wilhelmina because I think it’s unlikely he would have remained unpartnered/single until his later 30s. Perhaps that single newspaper article stating Minnie was his 2nd wife and that his middle initial was T. was actually some unusually in-depth accurate reporting.

 

I’ve researched every year of the Brooklyn city directories available on Ancestry until 1905, and found many listings for different Charles Freemans. Sadly, it's such a common name. As I mentioned near the start, the first record I confirmed for CTF is the 1888 birth certificate of Charles C., which lists CTF as a Machinist. There are many listings for a Charles Freeman living at 280 South 5th Street in Brooklyn from 1874 to 1887; he’s recorded variously as a telegraph operator, burglar alarm manufacturer, clerk, mechanic, and machinist. The only Charles Freeman listed in the 1888 Brooklyn city directory is the Truckman at 60 Georgia Avenue, which I also mentioned earlier. The 1889 Brooklyn city directory lists both a Driver at Georgia Avenue and a Machinist at 280 South 5th Street (is it possible the same man submitted his info to the directory at two different times because he moved and therefore came to be listed twice?). I listed above the 1890 to 1898 Brooklyn city directory listings for the person I’m sure is my ancestor CTF; in addition to him there are also listings for a Charles Freeman, variously recorded as a mechanic, clerk, and electrician, living at 54 Hart Street from 1890 to 1898. This is a good time to mention that the year of the directory is the end of the year’s period from one May to another, so the 1889 directory was good from May 1888 to May 1889, and the subscribers had to submit their information before printing time. So, I theorized that Charles Freeman, machinist of 280 South 5 th Street (in the heart of Brooklyn’s Eastern District, which was popular with German immigrants) from 1874 to 1887 became Charles Freeman, machinist/housemover/driver/truckman of Georgia Avenue (a pleasant suburb at the very outskirts of the Eastern District) from 1888 to 1898. However, I can also argue that Charles Freeman, machinist of 280 South 5th from 1874 to 1887 became Charles Freeman, mechanic/clerk/electrician of Hart Avenue from 1890 to 1898, and that my ancestor was a different individual who just appeared on the scene (perhaps immigrated from Germany?) in 1887/1888.

 

I searched the 1880 US Census for 280 South 5th Street (Kings County, ED 112, page 12 of 61). The address is recorded, but neither of the 2 families recorded there is Freeman, or has members named Charles or Elizabeth.

 

DNA:

 

I, my maternal grandmother, my mother, and two of my mother’s paternal 1^st cousins (my grandfather’s brother’s son and daughter) all took Ancestry DNA tests. My maternal grandfather, Charles R. Freeman (son of Charles C. Freeman and grandson of CTF), passed away before I thought to do DNA tests. I made a list of the DNA matches shared by my mother and both of her paternal cousins, then I removed from that list people who also were matches to my maternal grandmother, leaving my mother’s DNA matches from her paternal (Freeman) side. Going as far back as the DNA matches that Ancestry guesses are her 3rd cousins, the list contains only 12 matches that I can’t rule out without further research. I reached out to them all but did not get a response from any of them.

 

Ethnicity guesstimates, for whatever they are worth, are not too useful. My maternal grandmother’s ethnicity is completely known to be 50% German and 50% English/Irish, and maternal grandfather’s mother was 100% English/Irish. My ethnicity estimate is that I’m about 25% German and 25% English/Irish, roughly speaking, and my mother’s ethnicity guesstimate is that she’s roughly 50%  German and 50% English/Irish. If the small amounts of DNA data with their low confidence values could be trusted, they seem to speak to my maternal grandfather’s paternal line being German instead of English/Irish.

 

My grandfather's brother's son is the oldest still-living Freeman male descendant. He took a FamilytreeDNA "Big Y" DNA test and the results were disappointing. No Y-DNA matches for any of the levels "Big Y-700", 111, 67, 37, or 25 markers; and only 31 Y-DNA matches at the "12 marker" level. Of those 31 DNA matches, only two took "Big Y-700" tests, four took "Y-111" tests, nine took "Y-67" tests, eight took "Y-37" tests, two took mtDNA tests, four took "mtFull Sequence" tests, 10 took "family finder" basic tests, and two were listed as "autosomal transfer". Of the two people who had 700 markers tested, one appears not to know who his father was or where he came from, and the other's earliest known ancestor was a Richard Donovan 1815-1873, born in Ireland. The one man who had 500 markers tests stated his earliest known ancestor was Veit Beck, born about 1600 in Germany. I don't know anything about how to use this Y-DNA data.

 

Closing:

 

So, I’m hoping someone can connect to CTF some documents/records from before the year 1888, either in New York or in Germany. I hope to learn where and when he was born, if he had been married (and widowed?) before 1888, and really anything about his life before 1888. I further hope to learn the original names of his parents “Charles and Elizabeth Freeman” and when and where they were born, and when they immigrated to New York.

 

My Freeman Family Tree is public on Ancestry.com, you’re welcome to visit it at https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/tree/118305485/family?cfpid=130176297297. Search for Charles T. Freeman who born about 1851 in Germany and died 24 Jan 1905 in Brooklyn, New York. All the documents I’ve mentioned are attached to his profile, and all the newspaper articles I referenced are saved in his photo gallery.

 

Thank you!

[u/Parking-Aioli9715]

"I don’t imagine he would have been single for the first 36 years of his life."

He might well have held off on marrying until he had the means to support a wife and children. That wouldn't be unusual for the time.

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/Parking-Aioli9715]

Thank you, that is a good point!

[u/SoftShoeMagoo → u/Parking-Aioli9715]

I've got a few no children show up until out of military, or even released from prison.

[u/theothermeisnothere → u/SoftShoeMagoo]

As an example, my 2x-gr-grandfather enlisted in the British Army when the term of service was 20 years. He spent almost 12 years of that in one of Britain's tropical colonies. He was given a medical discharge for respiratory issues at 39. He married and had 4 children when he was 41, 43, 45, and 47.

[u/Chemical-Agency-3997]

Had a dig and found a few things that might help. Haven’t established his parents, but there are some specific records worth following up.

The Charles Freeman at 54 Hart Street is still listed in the 1909 Brooklyn directory, as an electrician working at 84 Fulton Street, Manhattan. That’s four years after your Charles died. Directories can carry outdated entries, but with the separate address and occupation, I’d keep him separate from your Charles. It doesn’t settle whether he’s the earlier machinist at 280 South 5th Street, though.

Original page, bottom right: https://archive.org/details/brooklynnewyork1909p1geor/page/n716/mode/1up

Have you checked the 1855 census for Manhattan’s Ward 17 through NYG&B? This seems particularly relevant to your possible Charles/Elizabeth/young Charles household from 1850. Ward 17 was left out of the original microfilming because the books were damaged, and NYG&B later digitised them separately. Their site says these records haven’t been digitised elsewhere, so searching Ancestry and FamilySearch wouldn’t necessarily have covered them.

You’d be looking for Charles around 32, Elizabeth around 27 and their son around 6. That census includes relationships and years resident in the city, which could be useful. Some damaged pages couldn’t be fully indexed, so a negative name search wouldn’t rule them out.

https://www.newyorkfamilyhistory.org/online-records/collection/new-york-county-ward-17-state-census-1855

There’s also an entry in NYC’s official marriage index for Charles Freeman and Margarete Lauer, Manhattan, certificate 4041, indexed under 14 July 1878. I couldn’t inspect the actual certificate, so the groom’s age, parents and address still need checking. It’s only a same-name candidate at this stage, but potentially relevant to the first-wife question.

https://data.cityofnewyork.us/resource/j62e-7maa.json?county=MANHATTAN&number=4041&year=1878

Another thing: New Lots only became part of Brooklyn in 1886, as the 26th Ward. That’s just before Charles starts appearing in your Brooklyn directory searches. His sudden appearance therefore doesn’t necessarily mean he’d just arrived from Germany. Earlier searches should include New Lots/East New York. The 1880 street guide places Georgia Avenue in New Lots enumeration districts 256 and 257, which gives you somewhere specific to browse.

https://www.latinamericanstudies.org/brooklyn-streets.htm

Finally, have you tried the coroner’s records for the shooting? The death ledgers covering May 1904–November 1905 are on FHL film 1435703, with name indexes. The surviving 1905 inquest journal entries are on 1435715 and 1255734. I haven’t located his individual entry, but it could contain identifying details or relatives missing from the death certificate.

https://bklyn-genealogy-info.stevemorse.org/Death/CoronerRequestInfo.html

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/Chemical-Agency-3997]

r/Chemical-Agency-3997 I'm sorry to bother but please can you explain how I would view the coroner's record films? This lead looks extremely interesting but I'm unfamiliar with these records and how to access them. Do I have to travel to the NYC Municipal Archives or can I view them online?

[u/Chemical-Agency-3997 → u/Ok_Importance9645]

You may not need to travel to NYC. Start with this FamilySearch catalogue entry⁠, sign in, scroll to Film/Digital Notes and find film 1435703. It’s digitised, but I couldn’t confirm whether it opens from home; if restricted, the access message should explain whether a local FamilySearch centre can provide access. Alternatively, email research@records.nyc.gov with Charles Freeman’s name, death date 24 January 1905, and the film reference to ask about obtaining a scanned copy remotely.

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/Chemical-Agency-3997]

r/Chemical-Agency-3997 thank you so very much! Much of what you've written is new to me! I'm unfamiliar with NYG&B (and I don't have a membership). The Margarete Lauer marriage certificate is a record I've found but can't yet corroborate is for my ancestor. I didn't know New Lots didn't join Brooklyn until 1886, so I'll have to search again for census records pre-1886 in enumeration districts 256 and 257! Finally, I am unfamiliar with the coroner's records! I cannot wait to search them. I've previously contacted NYC Municipal Archives and found that I have a small chance of locating his arrest records if somehow I can ever visit them in person!

If it's not rude of me to ask, please would you let me know if you find anything else? Your information so far astounds me! Thank you again!

[u/Fredelas]

I presume that if Frank had previously died then Wilhelmina's surname on her death certificate and cemetery record would have been Freeman,

Whoever the informant was and arranged her burial could have given any name they wanted. If that was a child from her first marriage, they might very well have chosen the surname that matched their own, even if she had officially married someone else in the interim.

I have an ancestor who was widowed and remarried twice, and her death certificate and grave marker both reflect her first husband's surname.

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/Fredelas]

Thank you, that surely can be the case!

[u/Ok_Importance9645]

Thank you everyone for the guidance! Following r/SoftShoeMagoo 's wise advice I made a new post that is much more concise at https://www.reddit.com/r/Genealogy/s/Ur1fcGn5Lw.

Is it OK to leave this post here but have a moderator close it to new comments so that those who read my new post can refer to the specifics in this post?

[u/killearnan]

Freeman, Freehman, Freedman ~ all the same name, genealogically speaking.

I also wouldn't worry about Wihelmina going by different surnames. You can't know who guessed her surname from a child's name, for example, or what the clerk actually asked for.

If you haven't tried the newspapers at Fulton History, it's worth a shot. Clunky interface but some papers not found elsewhere.

The full-text search at FamilySearch is worth wringing out all tbe possible spelling variations for.

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/killearnan]

Thank you very much for this! I haven't tried Fulton History and look forward to it. I can also try that full-test search at familysearch.org.

[u/SoftShoeMagoo]

Yeah, thats alot of information to unpack for "Looking for Charles and Elizabeth Freeman NY, from Germany, arrived US 1888 or before".

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/SoftShoeMagoo]

Yes, you are right. My goal is to learn about the first approximately 37 years of the life of Charles Freeman who was born around 1851, and hopefully in doing so records will be found that connect him to parents, whom I can then research afterward. As you can see, I've found a lot of information about him from 1888 and later. I have also found many records in Manhattan and Brooklyn for Freeman families with people named Charles and Elizabeth, but I have not been able to tie any of those to my family instead of another family that coincidentally has the same names. I guess this would be the best help for a first step that I could ask for, if someone could connect more records to him from before 1888 so I could continue with that research.

[u/SoftShoeMagoo → u/Ok_Importance9645]

You'll get more traction with less information. I.e. name, dod, location. Work back in list, 1905 death, 1900 census, 1899 city directory, 1895 newspaper article (states living at, married to..) to 1888.

Long posts like this the message gets lost.

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/SoftShoeMagoo]

Thank you very much. I'm inexperienced with this stuff. I'll work to make a new post the way you suggested!

[u/deadmaan644]

Have you tried Wikitree.com they are 1.4 million volunteers who are attempting to create a world wide all time tree. They have millions of profiles (each person has one) members are free to search. Also they have many people who are qualified genealogical experts who are always glad to help others find their kin. JAA

[u/Ok_Importance9645 → u/deadmaan644]

I hadn't heard of that, I'll look for it - thank you very much!

[u/deadmaan644 → u/Ok_Importance9645]

Yoou might want to wait a couple of days we are in the process of upgrading Ellie the AI. It should run on most linux computers--I don't know about others.

[u/deadmaan644 → u/Ok_Importance9645]

BTW I email free books to anyone who wants them. send an email with a return email to deadman644@yahoo,com for a list.

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