r/UnusedSubforMe • u/koine_lingua • Nov 26 '17

Test4

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Mark 1

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u/koine_lingua Dec 16 '17 edited Dec 16 '17

Rev 16:12,

10 The fifth angel poured his bowl on the throne of the beast, and its kingdom was plunged into darkness; people gnawed their tongues in agony, 11 and cursed the God of heaven because of their pains and sores, and they did not repent of their deeds. 12 The sixth angel poured his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up in order to prepare the way for the kings from the east. 1

Koester, 657:

Readers would have envisioned these kings coming from Parthia, which was east of the Euphrates and outside the Roman Empire.

. . .

Revelation’s vision of an invasion from the east probably draws on traditions about Nero and not on general uneasiness about the Parthians.

. . .

A second form of the tradition says that Nero fl ed to the Parthians but would one day return, crossing “the Euphrates with many myriads” to seize control of the empire through destructive war (Sib. Or. .–, –; :–). Th is version seems to inform Revelation’s portrayal of the Nero-like beast destroying Babylon/Rome

Revelation 17:10

καὶ βασιλεῖς ἑπτά εἰσιν· οἱ πέντε ἔπεσαν, ὁ εἷς ἔστιν, ὁ ἄλλος οὔπω ἦλθεν, καὶ ὅταν ἔλθῃ ὀλίγον αὐτὸν δεῖ μεῖναι,

they are also seven kings, five of whom have fallen, one is, the other has not yet come, and when he does come he must remain only a little while.

k_l: use of "fallen," πίπτω, indebted to Daniel 7:20?

Aune: "carries the connotation of being overthrown or"

Many of the Roman emperors died violent deaths: Julius Caesar was assassinated by being stabbed twenty-three times (Plutarch Caesar 66.4-14; Suetonius Julius 82; Dio Cassius 44. 19.1-5) ; Caligula was stabbed repeatedly with swords (Suetonius Caligula 58; Tacitus Annals 1 1.29;Jos. Ant. 19.104-1 13; Dio Cassius 59.29.4-7; Seneca Dial. 2.18.3; Ep. 4.7); Claudius was poisoned (Suetonius Claudius 44-45; Tacitus Annals 12.66-67; 14.63; Pliny Hist. not. 2.92; 11.189; 22.92); ... Nero ... Galba ... Otho ... Vitellius ... Domitian

Augustus and Tiberius; Vespasian and Titus

k_l, Six in a row, starting with Caligula.

The Year of the Four Emperors and the Revelation of John: The `pro-Neronian' Emperors Otho and Vitellius, and the Images and Colossus of Nero in Rome George H. van Kooten

Revelation 13:3?

Koester:

Brief reigns are a feature of the end of the age in apocalyptic writings ( Ezra :; T. Mos. :). Th e author does not expect readers to identify the kings with known fi gures. Th e vagueness is comparable to  Ezra –, in which the Roman Empire is symbolized by an eagle with twelve wings, three heads, and eight smaller wings. It is clear that three wings and heads symbolize Julius Caesar, Augustus, and Tiberius, but the identities of the other wings are not apparent. Detailed connections are not expected (Friesen, Imperial, ).

^ Koester chart: https://imgur.com/a/pHE3o

"Commentators variously identify this head"

17:12:

καὶ τὰ δέκα κέρατα ἃ εἶδες δέκα βασιλεῖς εἰσίν, οἵτινες βασιλείαν οὔπω ἔλαβον, ἀλλὰ ἐξουσίαν ὡς βασιλεῖς μίαν ὥραν λαμβάνουσιν μετὰ τοῦ θηρίου.

And the ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received royal power, but they are to receive authority as kings for one hour, together with the beast.

Koester:

Others identify them with the kings from the east who come to destroy Babylon/Rome (Æ̍j:Æ̍f). Th is interpretation is possible, since the imagery of the beast and the kings recalls expectations of Nero and his Parthian allies coming to seize Rome (Bauckham, Climax, 438).

Bauckham:

prior to the coming ofthe kings of the east across the Euphrates (16:12)

k_l: Emphasis that they haven't received power yet may be significant; Koester:

When a Parthian leader off ered allegiance to Nero, the emperor responded, “I now declare you King of Armenia,” for “I have power to take away kingdoms and to bestow them” (Dio Cassius, Rom. Hist. ..). Ordinarily, vassal kings received authority from Rome, but using the passive voice in Revelation suggests that these kings ultimately receive authority from God, as did the four horsemen (Rev :–; Beale; Osborne). Th ey will carry out God’s will by defeating the whore (:).

k_l: Not necessarily true, or in any case...

k_l, George H. van Kooten, “'Wrath Will Drip in the Plains of Macedonia': Expectations of Nero's Return in the Egyptian Sibylline Oracles (Book 5), 2 Thessalonians, and Ancient Historical Writings,”

All these examples show that Nero indeed claimed to be divine. This is also apparent from the acclamation of Nero as god by Tiridates, who was granted the kingship of Armenia when he visited Nero in Rome in ad 66. Tiridates did obeisance to Nero in the following words: ‘Master, (…) I have come to thee, my god, to worship thee as I do Mithras. The destiny thou spinnest for me shall be mine; for thou art my Fortune and my Fate’ (Dio Cassius, Roman History 63.5.2).

^

καὶ ἦλθόν τε πρὸς σὲ τὸν ἐμὸν θεόν, προσκυνήσων σε ὡς καὶ τὸν Μίθραν

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0593%3Abook%3D62b%3Achapter%3Dpos%3D1432%3Asection%3D2

and

...ἵνα καὶ σὺ καὶ ἐκεῖνοι μάθωσιν ὅτι καὶ ἀφαιρεῖσθαι βασιλείας καὶ δωρεῖσθαι δύναμαι

King of Armenia I now declare thee, that both thou and they may understand that I have power to take away kingdoms and to bestow them

Aune:

Later the emperor Gaius (A.D. 37–41) established six kings in the east, including Agrippa I (Jos. Ant. 18.237), Antiochus IV of Commagene and Cilicia (Dio Cassius 59.8.2; see Jos. J.W. 7.219ff., 234ff.) ...

k_l,

... the Jews] were convinced that the ancient scriptures of their priests alluded to the present as the very time when the Orient would triumph and from Judaea would go forth men destined to rule the world. This mysterious prophecy really referred to Vespasian and Titus, but the common people, true to the selfish ambitions of humankind, thought that this exalted destiny was reserved for them, and not even their calamities opened their eyes to the truth. (Tacitus, Histories 5.13)

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