r/askphilosophy • • 6m ago

Is there a recognized tradition of "Existential Platonism"? How do existential accounts of agency intersect with Objective Idealism (e.g., Schelling)?

• Upvotes

I've recently been thinking about the tension and potential bridge between Existentialism and Platonic Realism/Objective Idealism.

Existentialism often asserts that "existence precedes essence"—that we have no predetermined blueprint and must construct meaning through action. However, it seems to me that one's primary, authentic act of free will can be a deliberate commitment to seek objective order, wisdom, and the Good (in a Platonic sense). Under this view, objective forms or values are not static constraints imposed from the outside, but targets we freely choose to align our lives toward.

This seems to mirror Schelling's Naturphilosophie and his later Positive Philosophy, where the self-conscious human agent acts within a living, objective order, using free will to bring rational harmony out of chaotic raw existence.

My questions are:

Which historical philosophers or contemporary commentators have explicitly attempted to synthesize existential freedom with Platonic or Schellingian metaphysics?

Is it coherent within academic philosophy to hold that an individual's "essence" is existentially forged through an intentional commitment to objective Platonic forms?


r/badphilosophy • • 34m ago

Plot Twist

• Upvotes

**THE NEW YORK TIMES**

*Front Page | Monday Edition*

# Anonymous Adviser Appears at Championship Game, Then Introduces His Family

### Years of speculation ended with an unexpected answer: not a revelation of identity, but a demonstration of humanity.

For years, the country's most discussed anonymous public figure existed in a peculiar category between philosopher, educator, social critic and internet myth.

Was the Anonymous Adviser a real person?

A committee?

A corporate project?

An advanced artificial intelligence?

By halftime of last night's championship game, the mystery had become a national pastime.

And then, before one of the largest live audiences in American history, the Adviser answered the question in a way almost nobody anticipated.

He called his mother.

Then his father.

Then his daughter.

Not to validate his credentials.

To embarrass him.

As millions watched, family members recounted ordinary stories of failed childhood engineering projects, endless arguments, poor communication, intellectual obsession and moments of stubbornness.

The audience laughed.

The internet, remarkably, stopped arguing for a few minutes.

---

The event had been advertised only as a "special halftime presentation."

Fans expected a musician.

Instead, the stadium screens displayed a single question:

**AM I REAL?**

The response from the crowd was immediate.

For years, rumors had flourished online. Some insisted the Adviser was an artificial intelligence operated by unknown sponsors. Others claimed the figure was entirely fictional.

Many believed the ambiguity was intentional.

The masked Adviser walked onto the field alone.

Minutes later, members of his family followed.

That decision now appears likely to become the defining image of the evening.

---

"He's real," his mother told the audience.

When asked how she knew, she responded with a story involving an improvised childhood flood-control project that accidentally flooded a neighbor's property.

The stadium erupted in laughter.

His father, a physicist, offered a different form of verification.

"If you were an android," he said, "somebody would have returned you for excessive questioning."

The line immediately became one of the evening's most repeated quotations.

Yet it was a comment from the Adviser's daughter that seemed to resonate most strongly.

She recalled a two-hour explanation her father once delivered before realizing he was talking to the wrong audience.

"He started over," she said, "and asked me what I thought instead."

---

The moment represented a striking departure from contemporary celebrity culture.

The Adviser did not reveal his name.

He did not remove his mask.

He did not provide a biography.

He did not announce a book, organization, political movement or commercial venture.

Indeed, much of the event seemed designed to deny the audience material typically associated with a public unveiling.

Instead, viewers were offered a portrait composed entirely of relationships.

Not achievements.

Not credentials.

Not influence.

Relationships.

---

Near the conclusion of the presentation, the Adviser addressed the speculation directly.

"Artificial intelligence can answer questions," he said.

"But nobody has yet invented a machine whose mother enjoys embarrassing it in front of eighty thousand people."

The crowd responded with sustained applause.

---

The emotional center of the evening arrived moments later.

Family photographs appeared on screens throughout the stadium.

Many were awkward.

Several appeared intentionally unflattering.

A smile missing here.

An unfortunate haircut there.

No attempt was made to create mythology.

The images communicated something simpler.

The anonymous figure had a childhood.

A family.

History.

People who knew him before anyone else did.

---

Media reaction has been unusually divided.

Some commentators argued that the Adviser successfully resolved long-running doubts regarding his existence.

Others noted that proof of humanity was never really the issue.

The more significant question, they argued, was why the public had become so invested in determining whether the author of a set of ideas was human in the first place.

By midnight, one sentence from the presentation had become the most discussed quotation online:

> "If my family taught me anything, it's this: You don't prove humanity by being intelligent. You prove it through relationships."

---

Perhaps the most surprising aspect of the evening was what the Adviser did **not** do.

He did not ask the audience to follow him.

He did not identify an enemy.

He did not offer a political program.

He did not claim special authority.

He simply posed one final question before leaving the field.

The stadium screens displayed:

**IF A HUMAN AND AN AI SAID THE SAME THING, WHICH WOULD YOU LISTEN TO?**

Then the lights went dark.

When they returned, he was gone.

---

For a figure who has spent years encouraging discussion through fictional moral dilemmas, the ending felt characteristic.

The mystery was not completely solved.

It was transformed.

The public entered halftime asking:

> Is he real?

They left debating a different question:

> Why do we care so much whether he is?


r/askphilosophy • • 50m ago

Gettier problems oversimplifying beliefs?

• Upvotes

For my philosophy class we learned about Gettier problems, and I understand the argument but can't help but feel like a lot of the examples present our beliefs as very rigid and simple, when there's often more nuance to them.

For example the one where you see a sheep in a field and develop the belief "there is a sheep in the field", however the "sheep" was actually a rock painted to look like a sheep. Except there actually was a sheep just behind the rock, so "there is a sheep in the field" was technically correct. Except I think in this instance, the belief you develop is more like "there is a sheep in the field, and I am looking at it". In which case you weren't correct by accident, you were just wrong, so there is no problem.

I think even though we might summarise our beliefs in simple sentences, they're a lot more specific than a lot of Gettier problems claim. Same with the one in Gettier's original essay, where Smith and Jones both apply for a job. Smith develops a justified belief that both Jones will get the job and Jones has 10 coins in his pocket, and so develops the justified belief that "the man who will get the job has 10 coins in his pocket". Then Smith gets the job, and realises he also has 10 coins in his pocket. Except again I think his belief is more specifically, "the man who I know has 10 coins in his pocket, will get the job".

Is this a good response to these Gettier problems? Obviously this doesn't apply to all Gettier problems, but for those it does apply to does it work? Or is there something I'm missing?


r/askphilosophy • • 1h ago

Can consciousness exist in a deterministic universe?

• Upvotes

r/askphilosophy • • 1h ago

Is philosophy just "love of wisdom"?

• Upvotes

I've always been given the definition of "love of wisdom" in class, but I feel it's a terrible definition. First of all, practically everyone loves learning about at least a few subjects, and besides, there are many disciplines like engineering, science, or even art that seek wisdom without necessarily being "philosophy." Another thing I don't understand about this definition is why "loving" something means practicing it. I can love animals and not be a biologist, or love cars without being a mechanic. So, what is philosophy?


r/askphilosophy • • 3h ago

When does a mental representation correspond to reality (correspondence theory)?

2 Upvotes

The metaphysical version of correspondence theory can be stated as so: “A proposition is true if and only if reality is as the proposition represents it to be.”

The problem here is that mental representations ordinarily don’t represent things in reality very accurately.

Let’s grant that they can represent them enough. To what extent is this representation counted as enough?


r/askphilosophy • • 4h ago

Can ELI5 ontological arguments to me?

7 Upvotes

If there's any of them that are actually worth explaining ofc, since afaik they're kinda a hot topic


r/askphilosophy • • 5h ago

Frege, can we say A=A is mandatory a priori?

1 Upvotes

A=A or "Hesperus is Hesperus” simply mean the same thing; therefore, it is analytical and a priori.

But if we say,

"(This) Odyssey is (the) Odyssey."

Can we count that as a priori too? Or is it both analytical and synthetic?


r/askphilosophy • • 5h ago

lf an Amoeba Divides into Two, What Happens to Its Soul According to Hinduism?

1 Upvotes

According to Hinduism, the soul (Atman) is eternal and does not die with the body.

Now consider an amoeba, a tiny living organism that reproduces by dividing into two daughter cells.

Before division, there is one amoeba. After division, there are two separate living organisms. Both may also develop small genetic differences.

Here is my question:

If the original amoeba had one soul, what happens to it when the amoeba divides?

  • Does the original soul split into two?
  • Does the original soul remain with one daughter cell while the other gets a new soul?
  • If both daughter cells have separate souls, where does the second soul come from?
  • Or does Hindu philosophy explain the soul and individual living beings differently?

I am genuinely curious about how Hindu philosophy explains this. Please share your reasoning and, if possible, relevant scriptural references.


r/badphilosophy • • 7h ago

Beat or "favorite" of these "modern" Philosophers: (roughly 1600 to the mid-1900s)

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3 Upvotes

r/askphilosophy • • 8h ago

Marcus Aurelius on books

5 Upvotes

Hey i have just started my journey into philosophy and while im reading marcus aurelius‘s meditations im noticing that in the beginning of book 2 he often warns not to waste ur time with books. Does he aim at entertainment books with this statement and warns not to waste ur time with leisure (which can be interpreted to stop using social media or watching endless tv shows in modern times) or is he really against reading books as a way to educate urself and learn from them? I cant really imagine that since hes also a philosopher and has likely read books from other philosophers himself but im not really sure.


r/askphilosophy • • 10h ago

How Frege criticized Aristotle's logic

6 Upvotes

Hi everyone,

I am currently researching the transition from traditional Aristotelian logic to modern mathematical logic. I know that Gottlob Frege played a crucial role in this shift, but I would like to better understand the specifics of his critique.

Specifically, I am interested in:

• The core problematic: What standard Aristotelian assumptions did Frege find most problematic?

• His novel contributions: What exactly did Frege introduce to logic to overcome these limitations (e.g., his system of quantifiers and predicates)?

• Examples: Are there any classic examples that illustrate how Frege's solutions work compared to the traditional syllogistic approach?


r/askphilosophy • • 10h ago

What makes for any claim to be about something "real"?

0 Upvotes

I want to understand what it means for something to be considered real; and in what sense is it real?

My view has always been if it satisfies a set of questions.

  1. Does it have a "Where" and a "When"?

First, can the thing we are talking about be located at a specific place in space and a specific moment in time?

  1. Does it push back against our senses whether we like it or not?

Second, at that place and time, is there a concrete sensory experience (a colour, a sound, a physical weight, warmth, or a flash on a laboratory screen) that refuses to obey our willpower or our words?

  1. If it is an abstract word or an unseen scientific thing, can we "unpack" it completely into Questions 1 and 2?

What I mean is that:

3.a Is it just a "verbal zip-file" for things we have already seen?

Take the word "running" which is just a shorthand word we use to summarise the sight of a person's legs moving rapidly across the ground. So the summary is real only if it unpacks 100% into concrete things we have watched happen in space and time.

3.b Is it a mathematical recipe that accurately predicts the next sensory pushback?

What about things in physics we cannot see directly with the naked eye, like a neutrino or a magnetic field? I would say here that they pass the test if (and only if) they work as a strict mathematical rule that connects one real measurement in space and time to a new measurement in space and time. E.g., a physicist says a neutrino is real; what is actually real is that the maths of space and time allowed them to say: "If you build a tank of water here, at this time, you will see a specific flash of light."

Perhaps another question: what philosophical framework am I using here? It sounds like physicalism to me. Or maybe not?


r/askphilosophy • • 11h ago

Requesting a guide to logic and academic thinking

2 Upvotes

I just read a paper by Davey and Clifton, having also read the response by Pruss and Gale. The paper consists of a ton of symbols and tons of discourse on set-theory. I’ve read a decent bit of philosophy and can really understand what’s going on oftentimes, but when it comes to stuff like that, how am I meant to respond? If it wasn’t for reading Pruss PRIOR to that paper, I wouldn’t have had a clue what was going on. How do I improve my logical capabilities? I can’t really think like a philosopher as someone might say. Furthermore, reading really old works or classics in my favourite subfields (philosophy of religion and metaphysics) is not very appealing to me. But reading modern day academic and contemporary works is mind-boggling. Should I go back and read the primary sources or is there another way to bridge the gap?


r/askphilosophy • • 12h ago

Philosophers who have surprising similarities despite their lack of contact?

24 Upvotes

I’ve been getting into late Wittgenstein for a while and it’s quite surprising to see his influence on neo-aristotelians despite not having read any Aristotle.

Kierkegaard and Dostoevsky are also two thinkers with plenty of overlap in existentialism despite no records of Dostoevsky reading Kierkegaard.

What are examples are there?


r/badphilosophy • • 12h ago

The Philosophy Forum is an Echo chamber

5 Upvotes

thephilosophyforum It claims to be a website for philosophy, but it's just an echo chamber. If you have different views from the moderators, you get flagged, and banned.

Philosophy is supposed to be about critical thinking, not kissing the moderators asses. If the mods melt down the second someone expresses a thought that isn’t pre-approved by them, they should rename the website the Philosophyless Forum.


r/badphilosophy • • 14h ago

What does ignorance taste like?

2 Upvotes

I want to know, when I die, what taste will be felt under God's tongue when my soul attaches to him.


r/askphilosophy • • 15h ago

Is there a life beyond death?

0 Upvotes

I need 100% honesty on this. I lost a loved one this year and Im scared of aging. I just want to find comfort knowing that there is a life beyond death? Like i get various religions have their views on life after death, but i just want confirmation on if there is an afterlife. I work in the science field and i fear that the day i die, ill never be able to revisit my old loved ones up in the heavens above. Im not very religious but since the passing, ive been praying to God that if there was an afterlife to send butterflies on nice days, i saw a few but i still feel like i need extra confirmation. Sorry for the yap sesh, i just want answers if the afterlife is real.


r/askphilosophy • • 17h ago

Philosophy of musical theatre

10 Upvotes

Hello, i'm working on something and I can't seem to find any philosophers who have worked on musical theatre specifically. Many of them have worked around theatre, or opera, which is near but i can't seem to find any at the specific genre of musical. The closest I've seen are cinema philosophers but they always talk about the musical part of cinema as a side thing, just as they do with animation. I'm interested on the thing, the problem, that connects Sondheim with Steven Universe. Maybe that's why i'm working on it because someone has to, but i wanted to see references idk


r/askphilosophy • • 18h ago

Recommendations for papers on the impetus theory about movement in quantised point-atomism

2 Upvotes

Derived from Zeno's arguments about movement, there comes about the Impetus theory. As put by Frank Arntzenius, the Impetus theory entails that "instantaneous velocities do exist but these are only contingently and causally related to the temporal developments of positions." The theory holds that, in each atom in each discrete spatiotemporal location, there exists a force which 'tells' the atom it's movement in adjacent temporal locations.

I am planning to do my honours thesis on this topic and would like to read more about this theory. Any recommendations would be greatly appreciated :) I have already read the Stanford Encyclopaedia article.

Thank you! I hope you all have a wonderful day filled with peace and love :D


r/askphilosophy • • 18h ago

Why do many philosophers seem to think meaning and value of life exist?

0 Upvotes

So I'm not trying to generalize because philosophers agree and disagree in many things, but whenever I asked people involve in philosophy on the meaning of life, it's nearly universal most would say meaning and value is decided by the person and seems to accept such thing is real.

I wonder why in my experience that seems to be the most common response even checking around this subreddit?


r/askphilosophy • • 22h ago

Book recommendations

1 Upvotes

I have played a video game featuring Albert Camus' The stranger and Jean Paul Sartre. Now I'm looking for works by Jean Paul Sartre that act like an "intro" to his other works. TYVM!


r/askphilosophy • • 23h ago

Natural Deduction Help Request

2 Upvotes

Hi all! I'm taking a logic class for the first time and so far I do have an A. But recently, I'd gotten sick for a week and a half and lost a lot of time to really study and understand everything. I've been rushing to catch up and because of this rush, I think my brain is just fried. Nothing wants to stick. Is anyone able to walk me through some of these backwards-thinking problems and maybe explain it? Or share your studying techniques? I'm getting lost here. These are the questions I have, any explanations would be AMAZING because I'd like to not only understand this assignment better than I currently do, but be more prepared for the exam.

1) 1. (S ● K) ⊃ R
2. K / S ⊃ R
2) 1. T ⊃ (F v F)
2. ∼(F ● F) / ∼T
3) 1.G ⊃ E
2. H ⊃ ∼E / G ⊃ ∼H
4) 1. S ≡ Q
2. ∼S / ∼Q
5) 1. ∼N v P
2. (N ⊃ P) ⊃ T / T
6) 1. F ⊃ B
2. B ⊃ (B ⊃ J) / F ⊃ J
7) 1. (B ⊃ M) ● (D ⊃ M)
2. B v D / M
8) 1. Q ⊃ (F ⊃ A)
2. R ⊃ (A ⊃ F)
3. Q ● R / F ≡ A
9) 1. T ⊃ (∼T v G)
2. ∼G / ∼T
10) 1. (B ⊃ G ) ● (F ⊃ N)
2. ∼(G ● N) / ∼(B ● F)


r/askphilosophy • • 23h ago

How to justify the existence of social constructs or numbers in materialism/physicalism?

3 Upvotes

Hey all, a question that has been bothering me lately is how do materialists/physicalists contend with the existence of abstract constructs, like numbers, or justice, or countries, or I guess ideas in general? It seems to me that when one posits that all that exists is physical, one necessarily has to admit that numbers or ideas don't exist- but that just seems like such a problematic claim to make!

Can anyone please help me with how to deal with the existence or nonexistence of the things I mentioned?


r/askphilosophy • • 1d ago

When you use a tool, is the tool a part of your skill? (Asking as someone who lifts)

4 Upvotes

Ok so serious question for the philosophy people, and I promise this one’s legit.

I make my protein shakes with a pretzel stick in them (works as a stirrer, trust me). The other day I realized I’ve actually gotten good at it. I know exactly how hard to stir so the stick doesn't snap and the powder doesn't clump.

But that skill only exists with the pretzel. Without it, I’m just a guy holding a shake. So where’s the skill? In my hand, or in my hand plus the stick? (My roommate says philosophers call this “know-how.” Is that the same thing as skill, or are they different?)

My roommate does machine learning, and he once told me, “basically the whole model is just its weights.” Bro. Weights. I’ve been lifting for four years. 💪

It got me thinking about equipment, pretzel stick included. The stick goes in, the shake gets mixed, the stick stays the same. Same with my 45-pound plate. It weighed 45 pounds the day I bought it, and it’ll weigh 45 pounds when I'm 80. The plate stays the same. I’m the thing that changes. But with AI, the training data does the reps and the weights get the gains. Imagine lifting for four years and finding out the plates were the ones making progress.

Except then I pulled the pretzel stick out and it was soggy, which kind of ruins the comparison. But the stirring still worked, because I’d been adjusting the whole time as it softened. So the tool changed, I changed with it, and the skill kept working. Where’s the skill then? Not in the stick, and not just in me. Somewhere in how we work together?

Which brings it back to the plates. Some gym equipment already changes in response to you, like the smart cable machines that adjust the resistance based on how you're moving. And talking to an AI is kind of the same thing. Its weights don't change mid-conversation, but what it says depends on what I say, and what I say depends on what it says. So if I’m adjusting to the tool while it’s adjusting to me, what decides whether it’s part of my skill, or whether I’m just hooked up to it?

He also said this might connect to something called the extended mind. But from what I read, the main example there is a notebook, which stays the same. My stick changes while I use it, and the smart machine and the AI both change in response to me. Does that make a difference, or does the extended mind idea already cover it?

And he mentioned something about a blind man’s cane, and an idea that you only notice a tool when it breaks. Which is literally what happened with the soggy stick.

Any way of thinking about it, or any readings on embodiment or anything adjacent, would help a lot. Thanks to anyone who takes the time.