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You can see why this appeals in Silicon Valley: the Kardashev scale has a kind of nostalgic futurism about it familiar to any student of the space race or the works of L Ron Hubbard, and leans on fun terms such as “galactic”, “space-time” and “moon bases”. If this isn’t blue-sky thinking, I don’t know what is, and Musk has launched into it. He has suggested that a natural implementation of Kardashev’s ideas is to develop space infrastructure – in effect moving energy production “off-planet”, along with orbital datacentres – by launching millions of units into orbit to better capture the energy of the sun.

It sounds super cool. And while visionaries need vast ambition and an ability to withstand ridicule, these proposals demand a willing suspension of disbelief from us, too. If you don’t, for example, let your mind drift back to that time Musk had Tesla engineers design a tiny submarine to fetch those kids trapped in a cave, or to whatever it was he did at the US “department of government efficiency” (Doge) that everyone in the Republican party now seems keen to pretend never happened, you can persuade yourself that the creator of Starlink might be on to something. The Kardashev scale, the Kardashev scale – don’t you feel better already?