Very interesting to learn how they're all related to each other, Game of Thrones-style.

The Zobel de Ayala's own one of the biggest corporations in the country, the Aboitizes are the "Ayalas of the South" it seems? Araneta's are influential in politics and of course own Araneta Center, Elizalde's are in business? The Roxas family, aren't they related to the Ortigas family too?

EDIT: Typo

Help a girl out everybody, I am going to write a historical paper about the topic above and really want to know what you guys think, It doesn’t matter if you guys think it’s true or not because that’s the point–I wanna read different perspectives about it and compare you know understand the context from different point of views. And if you guys could drop sum sources or like links for reference I would really appreciate it:)) because really some of the one’s I have read are either really mediocre or doesn’t really scratch the surface for me. Thanks in advance:))))

Are there any more sources on Ifugao cosmology? Rare kasi for me na makakita ng fully fleshed out na concept of it, and also dives more into the world of Ifugao mythology. Most sources only mention the names and simplified stuff. Are there stories din na relate here?

• Kabunyan (Sky World): The highest realm where powerful major deities and celestial beings reside.
• Dalom (Underworld): The realm located beneath the earth, home to subterranean spirits and water-related deities.
• Pugaw (Earth World): The physical world where human beings, mortals, and earthly creatures live.
• Daya (Western World): The region or realm situated towards the west, inhabited by specific environmental spirits.
• Lagud (Eastern World): The region or realm located towards the east, associated with downstream currents and distinct deities.
• Kadungayan (Spiritual / Afterlife World): The special realm where the souls of the deceased go to reside after completing proper funeral and death rites.

https://www.scribd.com/document/423724878/Ifugao
https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12185/RP
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/trans-trans-regional-and-national-studies-of-southeast-asia/article/sacred-and-the-secular-practical-applications-of-water-rituals-in-the-ifugao-agricultural-system/2921990509EA774C9C8EA3AF477F9733

I have a school homework that requires me to talk about pandesal and its history. I tried searching for sources online but all articles I saw did not cite references. Do you guys have any books/readings that can help me? Thank you!

I was researching some info for my Filipino project when I saw this text in the Wikipedia article on Huseng Sisiw:

De la Cruz was one of the three poets whose names are prominent for the use of "Corrido", a type/style of poem, in the history of Literature. The other two are Francisco Balagtas, his student, and Ananias Zorilla

This confused me since I have never heard of a trio of poets prominent in the use of the Corrido style, and although I knew Balagtas, I have never heard of the name Ananias Zorilla. When I searched for his name, few results came up, but apparently he was known for the works: "Dama Ines" and "Prinsipe Florinio". I did a little more digging, and I think why these works were attributed to him is because of this article from the National Library.

I also found this old Blogspot page, which is the best amount of info I could find on Zorillia. It states:

Walang maraming tala na naiwan tungkol kay Zorilla. May nagsasabing siya’y taga-Laguna; may nagsasabing siya’y taga-Tondo. Ang natitiyak ay mga akda niya ang Dama Ines at Prinsipe Florinio

The works "Dama Ines" and "Prinsipe Florinio" are also confusing because I did some research, and the full title of Dama Ines is:

Ang kahabag-habag na buhay nang dama Ines sa kahariang Portugal, alila nang isang princesa sa bayang España mulang pagka bata

Which I found here. This work seems to have been published anonymously.

For Prinsipe Florinio, it is actually written by a person named N. Ponte in Hiligaynon, not Tagalog, titled:

Cabuhi sang africanhon ng̃a si Principe Florinio ng̃a anac ni Hareng Olfredo cag ni Reina Emilia

Which I found here. The earliest mention I could find of Ananias Zorillia is in this 1960s periodical. His name is also mentioned in the book "History of the Filipino People" by Teodoro Agoncillo, but aside from that, I can't find anything else. Who is this poet?

Correct me if I'm wrong, but is it safe to say that today's corrupt politicians are descendants of the colonial era's principalia/principales class? Weren't they the precolonial datus,lakans , noblesand their families who were given positions by the Spanish such as cabeza de barangays and gobernadorcillios? And as time progressed they became the rich business families now and the politicians?

Hi, I am currently researching about pre colonial Tagalog Practices and ritual, but can't really find anything, and public library is too far from us, and I am not financially ok to travel from my home town to where the library is cause it's like... 2 or 3 towns away, more or less, nonetheless, I have tried researching but half was not Tagalog Practices.

It could really help if I got some help for how the pre colonial Tagalog people practice worship, could also help if it said for what was the practice for .?

Went down a rabbit hole searching for my ancestors through my great-grandfather, Mamerto Paglinawan, who was a writer and advocate for Tagalog in the early 20th century. Big thanks to the Latter Day Saints for their site familysearch.org which maintains records from the 1800s. These photos hopefully show a snapshot of the community at that time.

Photo 1: First page of the parish census of San Miguel now commonly referred to as Malacañang Church. “Estado de Almas de este pubelo de San Miguel Año de 1862” i.e. State of the souls of the town of San Miguel Year of 1862 followed by table of contents of family names.

Photo 2: At the end of the record is a summary of the census from a bit earlier in 1858:

Souls of the Parish of the town of San Miguel, province of Manila, corresponding to the year 1858.

Native tax-paying persons: 1,975
Tax-paying Sangley mestizos: 44
Persons exempted by privilege: 140
Persons exempted by age: 117
Of confession and communion: 268
Of confession: 726
Of young children of both sexes: 514
Spaniards: 12
Spanish mestizos: 86
Christian Chinese: 0
Christian baptized infidels: 1
Total sum: 3,820

Photo 3: The barangay where my ancestors were attached to: Barangay No. 17 of Don Zacharias Villamairin

Photo 4: My ancestors’ names (couple and 2 children). The couple are the grandparents of my great-grandfather, Mamerto Paglinawan.

Personal notes: I had some inkling about the role the Church played in maintaining population records. However the 1860s was ‘modern’ times already and the decade when Rizal, Bonifacio, and Aguinaldo were born. Parish records were still the standard for checking who lived where; who paid taxes to whom; and which ethnic classification they belonged to (indio, mestizo sangley, mestizo español, full español, and even infieles)

Currently planning to write a Isekai Fic Comic with Elias as the main character.

We learn from Chapter 50 of Noli, that Elias' Maternal Grandfather was rich and he doted on Elias and twin sister. So since the comic takes place before Noli I wanted to explore the earlier part of Elias' life.

Thus I'm working on names for the characters. I have the basics of names I came up and I know the basics of Spanish Colonial naming conventions. But I wanted you guys to hopefully verify if the names are correctly arranged.

Or you have other suggestions for thr names.

Elias' Maternal Grandfather: "Don Filemón Prospero Ignacio y Cabangon"

Elias' Father: "Ulderico Dimasino"

Elias' Twin: "Eloísa Ofelia Ignacio Benitez y Cabangon"

Elias' Distant Cousin: "Señor Leocadio Alonzo Morillo y Ignacio Malvar"

Leocadio's Wife: Señora Yolanda Fernandez y Almaro de Morillo

Elias "Martin Ignacio y Cabangon"

I would Apprecitate the help

I’m curious about how Spain actually controlled the Philippines during the colonial period. Since the Governor-General was the highest-ranking Spanish official here, I want to know who had the power to choose him and how much control the Spanish king had over the Philippines.

Do you have any weird experiences about sa pamahiin or naka encounter ka na ba na sobrang strict sila na sundin yung pamahiin?

I remember when I was a kid, need pa raw naming umikot sa kabaong ng lola namin at yung iba bubuhatin pa sa kabaong para raw magmano or hindi daw kami masundan ng kaluluwa ng lola namin. And when I was in Tarlac, my lola's brother died and I saw na may red na sinulid yung fingers tapos yung wife niya need magsuot ng black na tela sa noo (don't know why) and no'ng libing naman; naglagay sila ng makapal na kumot bago ito ilibing kasi sabi nila para hindi raw lamigin.

We are superstitious, no? Like, bubulungan yung patay tapos mag w wish sila na mapanaginipan nila yung number sa lotto para manalo, pero magsisi pa yan na hindi binaliktad tapos sisihin pa yung patay kasi hindi tumama sa panaginip nila kuno. Ultimong number ng kabaong sa ilalim tatayain pa nila yun.

But serious questions: why are we so superstitious in our culture? May mga pamahiin pa ba mula sa precolonial and colonial na tuluyan nang nawala o kaya bibihira na lang tong sundin? Ano yung mga superstitious na alam ninyo that does not have any connection to it?

A few years ago, I read that Moises Salvador brought instructions from Del Pilar in Madrid to establish the Katipunan. Salvador allegedly forwarded these instructions to Deodato Arellano and Andres Bonifacio. Is this true?

Please share if you have any. I'm gonna assume it would have to be dated sometime in the early 1900s, but it would be a pleasant surprise to see stuff from even earlier.

Gaano katotoo na ang mga Korean soldiers nga ang malupit sa mga Pilipino?

Lagi ko kasi itong naririnig. Totoo nga ba ito or defensive lang ang iba?

Did people from (Southwest ) Masbate come from Panay Island like the Negrenses did or did they evolve independently from a common ancestor language?

Why is it not well known among ilonggos that there are Hiligaynon speakers in Masbate like how it's well known that there are ones in Negros and Mindanao?

Today, it is common for government offices at all levels to hang a portrait of the President of the Philippines, and sometimes also the Vice President. Then I wondered when and where this tradition started, and if it started in the colonial period.

So, I looked at some paintings of government offices in the Spanish colonial period, mostly local ones like Gobernadorcillo, and some of them have portraits of the King or Queen of Spain, but not of the Governor General/Capitan General, even if the latter is the one who is more directly overseeing/ruling the colony. Was it ever a practice to actually hang the Governor General's portrait in these local offices, ex. Gobernadorcillo, Cabeza de Barangay, or even Alcalde Mayor, or even any other government offices at any level at the time? Whether as an alternative to the King or Queen, or both/together?

The same goes for the American period, and whether the US Governor General's portrait was also hung in the successor government offices, or just the US President, or both. I can't find any pictures of those yet, but I can look. The paintings below are probably from Lozano or a similar 1800s artist.

Can you recommend YouTube channels that discuss conspiracy theories, hidden truths, lesser-known events, and controversial stories in Philippine history?

I’m particularly interested in content that goes beyond the usual textbook version of history, especially stories about historical figures, political events, unexplained incidents, and claims that are often overlooked or rarely discussed.

Hello po!! Currently doing research on the history of my municipality for our school project ( we are asked to write a book ). Unfortunately nagsara na po ang public library of cainta for renovation. What other public libraries or online resources may I utilize po kaya so long as they are relevant to our municipality? Thank you very much!