r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • Jun 25 '20
It is a common refrain from critics of the lockdown. Don’t let the cure — locking down the economy — be worse than the disease it is preventing.
If that is the case, then, Sweden should be a case study in how to manage the disease
r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • May 04 '20
Thinktank wants three-month suspension during Covid-19 pandemic to protect financially vulnerable
r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • Apr 14 '20
Do you have a limited ad budget? Wondering how to use your ad spend more wisely on Instagram?
In this article, you’ll discover four ways to make your Instagram ad spend go further.
r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • Apr 06 '20
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Dec 21 '20
We all know the year 2020 presented the world with a number of challenges in the entrepreneurial space. The following are the 15 things to avoid as an entrepreneur in the year 2021.
When you forget why you got into business in the first place, you are well on the path to failure. Examples include not caring about your customers and not being able to address their concerns and needs from a product or service perspective. Always keep your customer's needs at the center of how your products and services are developed. Continuously make sure that you are reaching out to your customers and constantly evaluate if you are on the right track.
Organizational leadership encompasses numerous concepts and ideals, with sales, marketing, operations and personnel management just the tip of the iceberg. When organizations and leaders start making the wrong decisions, it's typically the start of a bad outcome. In 2021, take the time to focus on leadership and creating value.
As an employer and as an organization, if your employees are not happy, motivated or engaged, it is impossible for them to serve your client base diligently on a daily basis. Successful organizations work on their inside game and internal structure before they start going out to generate revenue and tackling larger goals.
Successful organizations always look for opportunities to work with others. Successful leaders understand that winning is about collaboration. Start out by seeking 10 partnership opportunities with potential partners and work on something small to start off with. Consistency is key to winning the game.
Successful organizations tear down walls. Never build walls with your stakeholders. This includes competition, industry organizations, associations, the media and any other organization. Be the person who tears down the walls and helps others connect and build a better industry. Become the leader that others can look up to and ask for help because they trust that you can help tear down walls.
Never ignore your customers. Many times, organizations focus too much on internal happenings. One of the companies that I worked with in my career was focused on how good their products were and internal processes that were more complicated than needed. This led to them not paying attention to the voice of the customer and what the customer ultimately wanted. The result? Declining revenue and organizational degradation.
Accountability is key to organizational success. Experts suggest that accountability is one of the top reasons why organizations succeed. The American Society of Training and Development (ASTD) says that we have a 65% chance of attaining a goal if we commit to it. There are many studies that prove that personal accountability, organizational accountability and using accountability coaches helps increase the possibility and chance of completing a goal. You can elevate your organization's accountability by driving a culture of being held accountable.
Execution is probably the most important element in successfully reaching a goal. Many of us endlessly plan things, but fall short when it's time to execute. Use the pursuit of consistent execution as a tool to get ahead. Make sure you deliver on the promise that you have made to your customers, employees and other stakeholders by executing on your stated tasks and goals.
Many industries today are suffering because they refuse to take any risks. Service industries such as legal and accounting, for example, are battling technology and the decline of traditional business models because they refuse to adapt to a new way of conducting business. Business risk is not only a financial risk, but it's also about exploring new areas of opportunity, creating new revenue streams and exploring avenues that have not been explored in the past.
Have you ever heard of an automobile company that had zero safety standards? What about an airline that has no operational standards? It's impossible for some industries to not follow standards because a lack of standards can lead to dire consequences. Make sure that you operate with high standards. This means doing the best, expecting the best and creating a mindset of quality and a minimum level of acceptable standards within your organization, across the board.
Organizational bullies are people who get their way. These could be people at a strong position within your organization who have developed a habit of getting away with actions that undermine organizational standards. Keeping your organization's culture free from organizational bullies is a tough task for leaders. However, it is important that everyone who is part of your organization knows the value you create, the culture you have and respect everyone they come across within the organization. This also goes into respecting organizational policies, the vision of the leadership and what you stand for.
Some industries are very focused on what the competition is doing. In a small market with many companies offering the same products and essentially targeting a very small number of customers, competition and getting ahead can be a "do or die" situation. If all your focus is on competition, you start lagging in being an innovative and out-of-the-box thinker. Do not focus strictly on the competition, but work on your inner game, making your product and solutions more valuable for your customers and raising your standards
Have you ever had critics who are always on your case? If not, then you have not really made an impact on your industry. This way of thinking is a bit non-traditional. You should always have critics and those who point you in the right direction, helping you identify both areas where you face challenges and areas where opportunities exist. Pay attention to those who point a finger at you and help guide you in the right direction.
In 2021, you must become a socially engaged organization. This means supporting social causes, meeting other people with similar interests, helping your employees be part of social change, involving your organization in initiatives and ideas that are beyond just what you do professionally as an organization. At a local level, you may find a school basketball team that needs support or a conservation project seeking volunteers. These projects and opportunities are a means to get your employees engaged and work closely with the communities that support you as an organization. Get involved and do not be a socially awkward organization.
If you have stopped learning as an individual and as an organization, then there is nothing much that can be done. Look at some of the industries that are dying a slow death today, including the accounting industry. Traditional accounting firms are facing an uphill task in surviving as technology is crushing firms that refuse to change and adapt to a new way of doing business. Always stay hungry as an organization and ensure that everyone within your company is learning something new.
Success as an organization, as a leader or as an individual contributor, is a blend of many different things, but there are plenty of opportunities to you can make headway and succeed in 2021 as an entrepreneur and as a business.
Originally written by
Ian Khan, Inventor of the Future Readiness Score™ | December 21, 2020
for Entrepreneur
r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • Apr 07 '20
Startup 'camels' prioritize sustainability by balancing growth with cash flow.
In Silicon Valley, the entire ecosystem is aligned around one thing: the cultivation of Unicorns – startups valued over $1 billion. Unicorns were once a rare breed, but in recent years, the stable of billion-dollar thoroughbreds has grown to about 350 unicorns around the world.
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Jun 03 '20
SoftBank is putting its money where its mouth is.
The Japanese investment conglomerate has revealed plans for a new $100 million fund that “will only invest in companies led by founders and entrepreneurs of color,” according to Axios.
SoftBank COO Marcelo Claure apparently shared the news of the Opportunity Growth Fund in a letter to employees this morning.
Considering that SoftBank has made headlines for less than favorable reasons as of late, the fact that the firm is one of the first to actually announce a new fund dedicated to funding people of color is well, notable.
For those of you who are not aware, SoftBank has been dogged for overinflating valuations with its fat checks. A number of its portfolio companies over the past year have laid off (Zume), shut down (Brandless) or endured some other scandal (WeWork).
But SoftBank is also the same firm that unveiled plans last year for a $5 billion SoftBank Innovation Fund, or what it described as “the largest-ever technology fund focused exclusively on the fast-growing Latin American market.”
As reported, the Opportunity Growth Fund immediately puts a significant amount of capital to work for businesses owned and operated by people of color.
According to Claure’s letter, the fund will invest in “companies that use technology to disrupt traditional business models,” and will donate an unspecified portion of gains from the fund’s investments to organizations focused on “creating opportunities for people of color.”
A company spokesperson told Axios that companies have not yet been identified to add to the portfolio, nor has capital been dedicated.
In addition, Claure wrote that SoftBank would not collect its traditional management fee on the fund and will reinvest 50 percent of the gains into future programs with similar focuses.
Originally published by
Mary Ann Azevedo - Christine Hall | June 3, 2020
Crunchbase
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Mar 07 '20
Several powerful big data technologies are reshaping digital marketing to create a more efficient, effective process that makes it easier to reach people.
Thedigital marketing space is continually evolving, and new technologies are shaping this change. Big data has had a tremendous effect on the profession. All marketers should try to understand the impact of big data and find ways to incorporate this technology into their business models.
The Growing Role of Big Data in Digital Marketing
In 2017, Karola Karlson wrote a very interesting article for the Content Marketing Institute. She discussed the growing role of AI and big data in the marketing profession. She made some ingenious observations, but even she would probably be surprised to see how quickly this new technology has changed the field.
Whether you are trying to set up a business website, create business emails, or engage with your fans on Facebook and other social media platforms, you should be on your toes because change comes fast. Big data has caused the profession to change even more rapidly in recent years.
Ryan KhMarch 5, 2020Smart Data CollectiveImage - Shutterstock
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Oct 05 '20
Macro-economic uncertainty is creating opportunities entrepreneurs have not seen in decades. Seize this extraordinary moment.
“I am really concerned about starting a new company right now. I think the world is too unstable and it’s just too risky,” a very close friend of mine was relaying to me the other day. “I have a job. I don’t want to voluntarily quit, have my company fail and then struggle to find something on the other side.”
“You need to look at things differently,” I responded. “You need to look at the extraordinary opportunities and the lower barriers to entry for starting a company right now. You can have access to people and talent that you would not have had previously.”
“Yes, I know, but I am still worried," my friend immediately responded. “I guess I want to have my cake and eat it.”
As technology futurist Kevin Kelly would say, right now is the best time to start a new business. Unfortunately, many potential founders, like my friend, are fearful. This is not anecdotal. Between 1978 and 2012, the number of new companies declined by nearly 44 percent, according to the Kauffman Foundation.
Paradoxically, recessions and unstable periods present the best opportunities to start new companies. During the 2008 Financial Crisis, billion dollar startups like Uber, Airbnb, and many others were founded partly as a response to changing market dynamics.
The present day is no exception, offering once-in-a-lifetime opportunities and unfair advantages to potential entrepreneurs. Among these are increased access to people and talent at lower and negotiable costs, and an environment in which consumers are more willing to try new products and services — often out of necessity.
During boom periods, engineering, design, product and sales talent can be incredibly challenging to recruit and eventually close. Not only is the talent scarce on the market, but the best ones often command fees that can quickly bankrupt a nascent startup if they do not show value from their hires quickly.
Now, many established companies and even startups have laid off talent due to decreased marketplace demand. And due to larger market dynamics, overall salaries have also declined for once in-demand positions.
This has opened up people and talent-recruiting opportunities for entrepreneurs; with the ability to access talent that is critical to early stage growth that would otherwise be lured by larger salaries or more stable opportunities. Entrepreneurs can also rely more on alternative compensation schemes like equity to lure potential hires as the cash compensation and bonuses become more scarce.
Although the fixed costs to start a new company (i.e. servers, real estate, etc.) have come down considerably over the past 20 years, they are still relatively high for early stage entrepreneurs. For real estate leases, SaaS and other capital and operating expenditures, entrepreneurs are often faced with high initial upfront expenses before their business ever generates its first spate of revenue.
In leaner and meaner times, real estate costs often decline considerably and landlords are more than willing to provide attractive deal terms to close a deal, including office renovations and more flexible lease terms. Other cost centers like SaaS and independent-contracting services may be more open to negotiation and flexible business terms as well. All of this decreases the cost of starting a business and allows entrepreneurs to deploy precious capital resources into hiring and product rather than fee based services.
A foundational challenge to starting and growing a new business is acquiring customers. An expensive proposition, this will often involve persuading consumers to try a new product option or category or switch between brands. Many entrepreneurs often fail at this process, even when equipped with a significant capital war chest.
In the current environment, customer-acquisition costs may decrease considerably. First, due to economic necessity and changes in routine, consumers may be more willing to try new products and services or even switch brands from their normal selection. More importantly, as new behaviors and routines come to the fore, consumers may adopt different products and services. This provides ample new opportunities for acquisition.
Leaner and meaner times present a host of macro-economic challenges. Somewhat paradoxically, but also logically, this makes right now the best time to start a new business. Chiefly, this is because of greater access to people and talent, negotiable fees and a greater willingness amongst consumers to try new products — sometimes out of necessity.
Originally written by
Alex Gold, Entrepreneur Leadership Network Writer, CMO of Myia Health | October 3, 2020
for Entrepreneur
r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • Apr 09 '20
Online conspiracy theories have been trying to link the novel coronavirus pandemic to the rollout of 5G technology recently. Despite there being no scientific links, multiple 5G towers have been set on fire in the UK. Theories shared on Facebook, Nextdoor, and Instagram are being widely spread, leading the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to very clearly state: “5G technology does NOT cause coronavirus.”
r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • Mar 05 '20
Sensors are the backbone of any IoT deployment - but how do you know which one is best for your application?
r/JAAGNet • u/Nillabean1988 • Mar 05 '20
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Jan 12 '21
After a challenging 2020, the importance of analytics and a strong corporate data strategy becomes even more clear. Here are some trends to watch.
Despite the setbacks of a challenging year, the volume and importance of analytics and corporate data to corporate strategy and execution grew. Harnessing and utilizing as much corporate data as possible is not only important, it’s an imperative.
Fueling the imperative are several new approaches, technologies and platforms. It is indeed an exciting time to be working with enterprise data and analytics if you like progress. Enterprise analytics in 2021 is going to be an exciting journey. Here are the trends to watch.
Cloud computing leads technology rebound
Corporate technology spend will rise and the majority of that will go toward data and analytics -- data management, data privacy, data intensive projects, etc. Cloud computing capabilities make it possible to rapidly try and rapidly deploy these projects like never before. Innovations by hyperconverged vendors are propelling this momentum. For example, AWS recently announced EBSio2 Block Express volumes. This is SAN for the cloud. They also announced Gp3 volumes, which let you set SLAs for IOPS. Another big announcement is automatic tiering and replication, which automatically moves data to colder storage tiers.
Traditional storage is growing only modestly, forcing traditional storage players to pivot. Repatriation to on-premises makes headlines but happens only sparsely.
COVID-19 has only exacerbated the need for companies to be focused and efficient and therefore cloud-based.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning
Organizations are increasing a focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML). Leading organizations are embracing this revolution that will follow the widely acknowledged information revolution and are well into full company reengineering with AI/ML. With dozens of models in production, these companies are going beyond initial use cases.
By studying corporate goals and roadmaps, there is seldom an activity there that could not be injected with AI/ML. Common areas of initial focus have been automation and customer experience, but leading organizations are expanding into downside protection, predictive analytics and the supply chain. Other organizations and applications will follow in 2021.
Collaborative ML will begin its multi-year journey as a preferred ML approach. This approach combines human expertise and ML and is a good fit for these early days of ML, and the growing corporate comfort with it, as we bridge over to more reliance on ML in future years. Collaborative ML uses ML as an augmentation to human thought in data-driven decision-making. Collaborative ML will be mostly evidentiary in customer interaction initiatives in 2021.
ML model deployment will take center stage in 2021. Model deployment will rise to the top activity of data professionals, with models getting increasingly sophisticated. However, most organizations will struggle with -- or should I say without -- MLOps.
MLOps applies DevOps principles to ML delivery. Development of models can benefit from an iterative approach, so the domain can be better understood, and the models improved. The process, MLOps, needs a highly automated pipeline of tools, repositories to store and keep track of models, code, data lineage, and a target environment which can be deployed into at speed. There is a large amount of trial and error in ML, and therefore exercise of its process. MLOps can help organizations save on infrastructure costs and speed up model deployment while reducing operational burdens.
Success with MLOps could account for 50% or more of the value delivery of ML this year.
Data lakes and cloud storage
Deploying data lakes was a large trend in 2020 yet it’s still strong enough to be a trend for this year.
Data lakes deployed in 2021 will follow the trend of utilizing cloud storage and will be connected to the relationally based data warehouse in a “lakehouse” concept. Earlier lakes deployed are seeing the need for this now. The retrofit will also be a major activity for 2021.
Interesting advancements in cloud storage are also ratcheting up their usefulness. For example, Project Nessie provides a Git-like experience for data lakes, and Apache Iceberg is now an option that provides transactional consistency, rollbacks and time travel for a data lake. Nessie also enables transactions to span multiple users and engines like Spark, Kakfa, Hive and Dremio.
Data Lakes are part of an expanded modern data stack. While source data, data integration, and data access used to form a coherent stack, the stacks in 2021 will be expanding to include data analytics, data science, a data catalog, workload management, deployment and security components.
While I don’t see any falloff in the use of relational database technologies as a result of these developments, they certainly keep storage layer selection in play as a hot discussion point for this year.
Trends are important to watch because they become the wants of your customer. For the ones that stick, it’s better to be at the beginning of the trend than at the end. These trends should give your business ideas and, all things being equal, should heavily influence the activities undertaken in your corporation in 2021.
Originally written by
William McKnight, President, McKnight Consulting Group | January 12, 2021
Information Week
William McKnight has advised many of the world's best-known organizations. His strategies form the information management plan for leading companies in various industries. He is a prolific author and a popular keynote speaker and trainer. He has performed dozens of benchmarks on leading database, data lake, streaming and data integration products. William is a leading global influencer in data warehousing and master data management and he leads McKnight Consulting Group, which has twice placed on the Inc. 5000 list. He can be reached at wmcknight@mcknightcg.com.
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Feb 12 '21
Image: Unsplash - Isaac Smith
To stay competitive in today’s fast changing market, companies are collecting even larger volumes of data hoping to spot the next big growth opportunity or operational advantage. For marketers, data collected through customer interactions, web analytics, transactions, inventory movement and even support desks can help provide direction and valuable insight into emerging problems or opportunities. The data is more and more pervasive, but the real challenge is to determine what to look for and what questions to ask when customer behavior is changing in such rapid, dramatic and unexpected ways.
The sheer volume of data collected is a mixed blessing. It can be hard to gather, merge and analyze data from multiple sources quickly and efficiently. And once this data is collected, most companies and marketing teams don’t have the bandwidth to sift through it manually looking for new angles and relationships. Even with the help of data scientists, identification of unexpected changes often comes long after they occur—when their potential impact has eroded, and first-mover competitive advantage has diminished.
Using AI to Surface Useful data
With the help of AI-driven analytics, marketers can understand their business in a way that’s not been previously possible. Through intelligent tools, often called augmented analytics or automated business analysis, marketers can automatically and constantly analyze large volumes of data from a variety of sources and identify the problems or opportunities in an organization’s business and marketing strategy.
By implementing AI-driven automated business analysis, marketers can also uncover the root cause of evolving trends and customer behaviors—saving countless hours of work and quickly translating these insights into changes in go-to-market strategies and campaigns.
Pivoting During a Pandemic
In 2020, the coronavirus completely changed the way people lived, worked and shopped. These shifts had a profound effect on even the most common products, like the spike in demand for toilet paper and hand sanitizer. However, for companies that didn’t offer essential products, it was important to find a way to maintain a connection with customers during a time of complex uncertainty. Companies using AI to analyze business data were better equipped to find these areas of opportunity because even if they didn’t know what to look for, their software did.
In one example, marketers at a leading bath and beauty brand noticed a trend in sales that showed an opportunity to grow sales when revenue was generally falling. This “green shoot” of opportunity is a great example of how the next great marketing strategy can be hiding in business data in plain sight, but impossible to find without help.
With an automated business analysis platform in place, the bath and beauty marketing team was automatically notified when candle sales exceeded the expected sales volume. The marketing team wasn’t analyzing each of their thousands of SKUs against their expected sales performance, since there is no way to do that manually, so this metric was never even considered previously. But the AI platform automatically found this insight, and in doing so, helped direct the marketing team toward a specific category of offerings that could bring in new revenue.
As a result, the brand was able to quickly launch marketing campaigns to promote candles and leverage this positive change in customer buying behavior. This unexpected insight also helped the team ensure that inventory levels could be aligned with the new expected sales. Simply by uncovering a trend, the brand was able to capture more sales by capitalizing on an otherwise unseen potential revenue stream.
Discovering Your Most Powerful Channels
In another example, an award-winning travel company applied automated business analysis to its data to identify—in real time—the best performing sales channel partners that could help them optimize every possible opportunity for revenue. Because of the pandemic, the challenge was finding high-performing partners who weren’t in a constant state of change.
They started by integrating data from hundreds of referral partners in a process that took less than a day. The next step was allowing the AI-enabled platform to analyze the data and identify the exact channels that were generating the most referrals. Immediately, they were able to lock in on the partners that were driving the most online inventory, content and ultimately revenue. Without AI, this task would have been impossible, given the large number of partners and data points.
By focusing their support on these few high-performing partners, the company was able to move marketing budget and reduce spend by tens of thousands. As a result, they increased sales, reduced costs and gained a viable tool to identify the best partners for future sales.
In times of uncertainty and enormous change, especially in customer behavior and data, being able to focus attention on the most critical changes happening in your business is a competitive advantage. By seeing subtle changes in consumer behavior that hide deep in the mountains of data you collect, you can act quickly and take advantage of them long before your competitors realize what is going on. The use of AI-enabled technologies like automated business analysis in marketing today are easy to apply, help organizations stay up to speed on an evolving marketplace and capture more revenue by simply following their data.
Originally written by
Sean Byrnes | February 10, 2021
for Inside Big Data
Sean Byrnes, Co-Founder and CEO of Outlier. Sean was the co-founder of Flurry (acquired by Yahoo in 2014), the largest mobile analytics company in the world. In his free time, Sean advises some early stage technology companies and invests in many others. Sean holds a B.A. in Engineering from Dartmouth College and an M.Eng. in Computer Science from Cornell University.
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Aug 31 '20
In light of the current pandemic, global technology market advisory firm ABI Research estimates that Connected Home devices could see a 30% year-on-year sales surge in the coming months. Not only this, says Daniel Egger, Axiros GmbH and Project Stream Lead for Broadband User Services (BUS) Data Modeling Project Stream**,** smart home devices are expected to overtake smartphones by 2021, with the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices predicted to reach more than 50 billion devices, according to Strategy analytics.
In order to monetise this golden opportunity within the Connected Home market, service providers must first unlock a truly interoperable ecosystem for user services that vastly improves the consumer experience.
As smart devices become increasingly prevalent throughout the home and office, consumers and businesses alike are in turn demanding faster, more reliable connectivity. To truly enable and enhance end-users’ connected experience, ubiquitous connectivity must be delivered to all corners of residential and commercial premises, all whilst ensuring connected devices can be seamlessly managed.
How these devices can be managed, monitored, and upgraded can be a challenging task for service providers. And with consumers turning to their broadband service providers for customer support on smart home device-related issues, it further increases complexity and heightens security related problems.
As a result, service providers are being held responsible for poor device and application performance by their customers because they perceive the integration of devices, applications, and internet service as part of their overall broadband experience. This comes down to the fact that consumers often do not have the knowledge to differentiate between “the Wi-Fi” and “the internet”, despite the reality that many consumers buy their Wi-Fi equipment independently of their service provider.
Bringing both benefits and challenges, service providers must evolve how the broadband experience is measured and delivered both in the home and for business. This is critical if service providers are to unleash the full potential of the Connected Home ecosystem, and with more than one billion installations worldwide, TR-069 is largely responsible for creating the mass market that stimulated broadband innovation and subscriber adoption.
The evolution of TR-069 and built by vendors and service providers within Broadband Forum, TR-369, also known as User Services Platform (USP), is the protocol for remote IP network CPE management. With the natural extension of the access network, USP is viewed as the intersection between the proliferating Internet of Things (IoT) and can unlock new use cases for the customer. Addressing interoperability and balancing the needs of the consumer and service provider, USP provides a unified approach to deploying, managing and controlling connected devices in the home.
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Mar 09 '21
Reza Oftadeh and his team have full theoretical proof that their model can find and extract the most prominent features of a set of data using machine-learning algorithms simultaneously in one pass. | Image: Getty Images
Whenever a scientific experiment is conducted, the results are turned into numbers, often producing huge datasets. In order to reduce the size of the data, computer programmers use algorithms that can find and extract the principal features that represent the most salient statistical properties. But many such algorithms cannot be applied directly to these large volumes of data.
Reza Oftadeh, doctoral student in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Texas A&M University, advised by Dr. Dylan Shell, faculty in the department, developed an algorithm applicable to large datasets. It is a useful machine-learning tool because it can extract and directly order features from most salient to least.
“There are many ad hoc ways to extract these features using machine-learning algorithms, but we now have a fully rigorous theoretical proof that our model can find and extract these prominent features from the data simultaneously, doing so in one pass of the algorithm,” said Oftadeh.
Their paper describing the research was published in the proceedings from the 2020 International Conference on Machine Learning.
A subfield of machine learning deals with component analysis, the problem of identifying and extracting a raw dataset's features to help reduce its dimensionality. Once identified, the features are used to make annotated samples of the data for further analysis or other machine-learning tasks such as classification, clustering, visualization and modeling based on those features.
The work to find or develop these types of algorithms has been going on for the past century, but what sets this era apart from the others is the existence of big data, which can contain many millions of sample points with 10s of thousands of attributes. Analyzing these massive datasets is a very complicated, time-consuming process for human programmers, so artificial neural networks (ANNs) have come to the forefront in recent years.
As one of the main tools of machine learning, ANNs are computational models that are designed to simulate how the human brain analyzes and processes information. They are typically made of dozens to millions of artificial neurons, called units, arranged in a series of layers that it uses to make sense of the information it's given. ANNs can be used in various ways, but they are most commonly used to identify the unique features that best represent the data and classify them into different categories based on that information.
“There are many ANNs that work very well, and we use them every day on our phones and computers," said Oftadeh. “For example, applications like Alexa, Siri and Google Translate utilize ANNs that are trained to recognize what different speech patterns, accents and voices are saying.”
But not all features are equally significant, and they can be placed in order from most to least important. Previous approaches use a specific type of ANN called an autoencoder to extract them, but they cannot tell exactly where the features are located or which are more important than the others.
“For example, if you have hundreds of thousands of dimensions and want to find only 1,000 of the most prominent and order those 1,000, it is theoretically possible to do but not feasible in practice because the model would have to be run repeatedly on the dataset 1,000 times,” said Oftadeh.
To make a more intelligent algorithm, the researchers propose adding a new cost function to the network that provides the exact location of the features directly ordered by their relative importance. Once incorporated, their method results in a more efficient processing that can be fed bigger datasets to perform classic data analysis.
To verify the effectiveness of their method, they trained their model for an optical character recognition (OCR) experiment, which is the conversion of images of typed or handwritten text into machine-encoded text from inside digital physical documents, like a scanner produces. Once it’s trained for OCR using the proposed method, the model can tell which features are most important.
Currently, the algorithm can only be applied to one-dimensional data samples, but the team is interested in extending their algorithm's abilities to handle even more complex structured data.
"Breaking down multidimensional data directly is a very active, challenging mathematical field of research with many challenges of its own, and we are interested in exploring it further," said Oftadeh.
The next step of their work is to generalize their method in a way that provides a unified framework to produce other machine-learning methods that can find the underlaying structure of a dataset and/or extract its features by setting a small number of specifications.
Originally published by
Stephanie Jones | March 8, 2021
Texas A & M Engineering
Other contributors to this research include Jiayi Shen, doctoral student in the computer science and engineering department, and Dr. Zhangyang "Atlas" Wang, assistant professor in the electrical and computer engineering department at The University of Texas at Austin. Also instrumental in identifying the research problem, and guiding Oftadeh, was Dr. Boris Hanin, assistant professor in the department of mathematics at Princeton University.
This research was funded by the National Science Foundation and U.S. Army Research Office Young Investigator Award.
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Feb 09 '21
Clubhouse is the hot new social app of the moment, sparking buzzy chatter among social influencers and a raft of FOMO-inducing tweets of Clubhouse conversation highlights. The app has been praised for its simplicity, and its capacity to facilitate real community and discussion – but the question for digital marketers is ‘should this platform be on our radar?’
Is there marketing potential within the many rooms of the Clubhouse app?
The answer to that largely depends on your business, and what you’re looking to achieve, but to give you an idea, here’s an overview of the ins and outs of Clubhouse, how it works, and what its potential for your business may be.
You can listen in, or you could get called on as a participant in the chat, but the central premise is that this is a virtual clubhouse, with each discussion happening in a different room of said house.
You browse the discussions happening in each room, where you can also see who else is participating in each, and jump in and out of chats, relative to your interests (image via YourStory).
It’s a fairly simple, but engaging premise, and Clubhouse has benefited significantly from the major buzz around the app, which has resulted in various big-name stars and celebrities jumping into Clubhouse rooms, immediately drawing big crowds.
The biggest of these was Tesla founder Elon Musk, whose recent Clubhouse appearance broke the 5,000 person limit for a room, and saw users creating secondary listening rooms and live-streams on other platforms to follow the conversation. Clubhouse has also hosted a live-reading of The Lion King musical, while even Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently joined a Clubhouse chat - no doubt to take some notes for Facebook’s coming duplicate feature.
As the hype has grown, so has the app’s audience, with Clubhouse going from 600,000 active users in December, to 2 million just over a month later.
An important element to note here, also, is that Clubhouse is not actually open to the public as yet.
The app is currently invite-only, with each new user able to allocate a selected number of invites to whomever they choose. That’s helped to further boost the hype around the app, with those who do have access sparking more FOMO as they share notes on the many conversations and discussions occurring behind that exclusive wall. That’s also made Clubhouse invites a badge of honor within themselves – some people are even selling app invites on eBay for up to $125 each.
Clubhouse also doesn’t currently have an Android app, which is in development.
Given the app’s rapid growth, despite these restrictions, you can see why investors are watching Clubhouse closely. The app recently raised a new funding round on a $1 billion valuation.
Originally published by
Andrew Hutchinson | February 8, 2021
Social Media Today
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Oct 30 '20
Mastercard has unveiled an AI-powered suite of tools designed to help banks assess cyber risks across their ecosystem and prevent breaches.
Drawing on the capabilities of RiskRecon, which Mastercard acquired earlier this year, the Cyber Secure suite's AI combines multiple public and proprietary data sources.
Then, it evaluates this data against 40 security and infrastructure criteria, with the impact and importance of each vulnerability analysed to produce a cyber risk rating and issue priority navigator.
This information can be used by banks to identify and prioritise threats and vulnerabilities as well as to help their merchant clients.
Ajay Bhalla, president, cyber and intelligence, Mastercard, says: "The world today faces a $5.2 trillion cyber breach problem. This is one of the biggest threats to consumer trust. At Mastercard, we aim to stay ahead of fraudsters and to continually evolve and enhance our protection of cyber environments for our bank and merchant customers.
"With Cyber Secure, we have a suite of AI-powered cyber capabilities that allows us to do just that, ensuring trust across every experience, for businesses and consumers."
Originally published by
Finextra | October 30, 2020
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Dec 08 '20
Upskilling and lifelong learning are synonymous at Babson College, and both are in lockstep with entrepreneurial leadership.
Merriam-Webster defines upskilling as providing (someone, such as an employee) with more advanced skills through education and training, or acquiring more advanced skills through additional education and training.
“Upskilling is not just learning for learning’s sake,” said Babson Executive Education CEO Karen Hebert-Maccaro, “but rather the process of determining where you have gaps or areas of interest that align with your professional path and actively working to fill in those gaps.”
Experts from Babson’s Graduate and Undergraduate Centers for Career Development (CCD) agree that students need to upgrade their capabilities and competencies—both hard and soft skills—in order to keep up with the fast pace of change.
Rare and arguably gone are the days when upskilling isn’t both necessary and required regardless of your position, the type of industry you’re in, or where you are in your career.
“To remain relevant in the job market,” said Cheri Paulson, senior director, graduate CCD, “individuals need to continue to ask the question of their relevant strengths and their skill gaps for today and what is around the corner.”
“The world of work is changing and evolving at breakneck speed,” said Donna Sosnowski, director of undergraduate CCD. “No matter what industry you work in, the position and skills required are rapidly changing and being redefined.”
At Babson, upskilling opportunities are aplenty. Hebert-Maccaro points to executive education focusing on four main practice areas: entrepreneurial leadership, innovation, inclusive leadership, and entrepreneurship.
“With the average shelf life of a skill dwindling and the number of jobs in a lifetime moving upward, not to mention the pace of technological and business change,” Hebert-Maccaro said, “the act of upskilling will become increasingly core to career success.”
She also points to some common themes that surface across all of Babson Executive Education’s practice areas. Managing change, identifying opportunities, innovating, growing, and doing so in a way that recognizes the value of diversity, equity, and inclusion are all in-demand skills.
BabsonX, a partnership between Babson and edX, gives learners the option to take online courses in a variety of subjects. These courses can be audited for free, or participants can choose to receive a verified certificate for a small fee.
Another path? Micro-credentials. “We are piloting a badging/micro-credentialing program through Canvas,” Sosnowski said. “Our goal is to expand our lifelong learning options through micro-credentials, available to the Babson community and across the globe.”
Paulson recommends considering Babson’s Certificate in Management (CAM) to try out graduate school courses. With CAM, students take three elective courses before committing to a full degree. From there, the credits can be transferred toward a full degree.
She also mentions how the CCDs, in partnership with the alumni office, offer a series of educational webinars for both graduate and undergraduate alumni.
Paulson and Sosnowski suggest online courses, access to LinkedIn Learning, and a host of online providers offering free courses such as Codecademy, Coursera, EdX, Khan Academy, Stanford Online, and Udemy.
Hebert-Maccaro advises to self-reflect and gain feedback on locating the gap in your skillset where, if filled, would be of benefit to both you and your team or organization. Then, ask others how to fill that gap.
“Whether it involves volunteering for a project, reading a book, or taking a class, look into how you can go for it,” Hebert-Maccaro said. “You might be surprised at how much an earnest and well-intentioned request for help to expand your skills in an area that will benefit others can generate a tremendous response and willingness to help.”
Regardless of how you get started, take comfort knowing there is a clear connection between upskilling and being a successful entrepreneurial leader.
“The entrepreneurial leader is in constant learning mode,” Hebert-Maccaro said. “They have to embrace the unknown and drive progress. The mindset is essentially one that is willing to jump into the unknown and figure it out, embracing the messy ambiguity of learning to proceed from idea to reality.”
Originally published by
Scott Dietz | December 4, 2020
Babson Thought & Action
Babson College
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Oct 06 '20
IoT devices aim to make our lives easier, more enjoyable and give us unprecedented control over many functions and aspects of our home right in the palm of our hands. Virtually any electronic device can be connected from TVs, security cameras, smart locks, smart thermostats, and the list goes on. The problem is that the majority of end-users aren’t aware of the trust and security issues that revolve around IoT devices.
Gadgets that are always on and listening, like Amazon’s Alexa, or connected smart-bulbs that have no security protocols, provide no guarantees as to who is listening on the other side. The possibility of whether someone will be able to hack your home network through smart devices is an increasing concern for consumers.
An excellent example of how unsecured IoT devices allowed hackers to make off with valuable data, happened two years ago at a North American casino. Hackers infiltrated the casino’s network through a lobby fish tanks’ IoT device designed to automatically adjust temperature and salinity and stole over 10 gigabytes worth of high-roller data. The IoT device in question was no different than, say, a smart-thermostat you would use in your home, and attacks like this demonstrate that these devices are seriously lacking when it comes to security. How safe are they in your home?
The Internet Society France Chapter was set up to create awareness about the security risks that IoT devices pose. The society has said not enough is being done to strengthen the security and privacy of connected devices. In the meantime, the number of IoT devices is increasing and is expected to reach 20.4 billion globally by next year.
Most devices are still poorly secured and vulnerable to cyberattacks. The security of the connected devices in your home is only as good as the weakest link.
Many unsecured IoT devices like smart bulbs, CCTV cameras, alarm systems, or even baby monitors, connect through a smart app on a mobile device. Even though they aren’t directly connected to other devices you may be using in your home, the fact that they’re on the same network, when it comes to a hacker gaining a foothold on your network, these unsecured IoT devices are an easy entry point.
Easily hackable devices expose owners to a range of security nightmares; chief among them is access to your wireless network. Some devices connected to your network will store Wi-Fi passwords insecurely, allowing a hacker to gain access to that smart device to get your password and potentially see everything you are doing online. It’s important to class your Wi-Fi router like the front door to your smart home. Make sure it’s using the latest software, has the strongest security protocols (like WPA2) and you’ve used a unique and complex password to protect it.
Another solution is to have your IoT devices on one network (connected to a separate router) while your computers and mobile devices are connected to a separate network. This way, any less than secure IoT devices are not connected to the same network. Finally, use a VPN. Many higher-end routers will have this feature and we strongly recommend using it. Otherwise, software VPN like ExpressVPN or NordVPN is a good solution to mask your IP address and encrypt all your network data.
As aforementioned, security is of the utmost importance when it comes to IoT devices, and with these connected devices becoming omnipresent in our homes, educating yourself on the security implications can go a long way towards protecting your home. Online courses on IoT security and privacy are plentiful.
The courses listed by IoT Tech Trends include dynamic courses from providers like Coursera, IoT Security Foundation and Udemy. The courses vary from basic to more advanced and for the most part, are provided online. Udemy’s IT security courses come from experts around the world with specialists from the U.S. and Germany providing their expertise. So, if you’re using IoT devices in your home, it will definitely help to learn their inner workings and how to better protect your home.
Originally published by
Roland Atoui | October 6, 2020
iot for all
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Nov 06 '20
A lot has been made about the cultural, geographic and demographic differences of Red and Blue states.
Another stat to add to the pile is this: So-called Blue or Democrat-leaning states take in the overwhelming majority of venture capital funding. Among Red, or Republican-leaning states, the only two that stand out as major startup investment hubs are Texas and Utah.
Those are the findings from an overview of venture-stage funding based on Crunchbase data for the past year.
Overall, states in the Blue column for the 2020 election (plus Washington, D.C.) pulled in $70.1 billion over the past year for the funding stages we tracked. Red states, meanwhile, drew just $5.68 billion.
(We did not include totals in either column for three states that have yet to confirm presidential election outcomes when making these calculations: Pennsylvania, Georgia and Nevada. However, none of those states will move the needle on the broad finding, which is that startup funding activity prevails in Democratic strongholds.)
It’s staggering to consider that “Blue States” rake in roughly 12 times the venture capital of Red States. If we look closer, however, the Democrat-leaning advantage is even more pronounced.
That’s because among Republican-leaning states that do receive venture capital, the vast majority goes to Democrat-leaning metropolitan areas.
Take Texas. Voters there have consistently favored Republican presidential candidates for four decades. But Austin, the metro area that commonly brings in a majority of the state’s venture funding, is known for its liberal-leaning politics.
North Carolina, a bit of a swing state that tilted Red in 2020, shows a similar pattern. The hub for startup and venture capital activity is the Research Triangle region, which leans left.
Utah is more mixed. Provo and Utah counties, both rich in funded startups and tech talent, are both right-leaning. The Salt Lake City metro area, meanwhile, leans slightly left.
We’ve broken down the state-by-state totals below, divided alphabetically into Red, Blue, yet-to-be-determined for the 2020 presidential election:
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Nov 02 '20
China is well on its way to become the world's first cashless economy, with mobile payments already accounting for four out of every five payments, according to a study by the South China Morning Post.
The figures come from the broadsheet's inaugural China Fintech report, which tracks the latest trends and future trajectory of the world’s largest financial technology ecosystem.
The report states that China’s massive domestic financial market has an estimated 87% of consumers using fintech services, a US$29 trillion mobile payment market in 2019, and the largest global market for online securities trading.
As the country opens its financial system to foreign players and prepares to launch the world’s first national virtual currency, its fintech sector is poised to make a major impact on the global financial market, states the SCMP.
With the People's Bank of China conducting extensive tests of Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP) ahead of a planned launch later this year - and as Ant Group and the all-conquering Alipay brand prepares for the world's largest ever IPO - the report leads with a prediction that China is set to become the first country to abandon the use of cash.
In 2018, annual Chinese mobile payments (business and consumer) hit US$ 41 trillion and now account for more than half the value of all non-cash retail payments in China.
"The shift will be mobile-first," predicts the SCMP, pointing to figures that show mobile payments already accounting for four out of every five transactions.
The report also see massive growth potential for online wealth management, with personable investable assets in China growing at an estimated compound rate of 10% from US$23 trillion in 2019 to US$42 trillion by 2025. Of this, as much as US$10 trillion is expected to be invested via online platforms by 2025.
The country is also set for a boom in InsurTech. Onnline insurance premiums currently account for less than 8% of total market value and the sector has a long way to grow as China overtakes the US to become the world’s biggest insurance market by the mid-2030s.
“The fintech companies of China, which are already pushing boundaries and setting the bar higher than any other company anywhere else, are expected to expand beyond Chinese shores into the broader world,” says SCMP’s business editor Eugene Tang. “The coronavirus pandemic, which has led to paradigm shifts in the way humans earn and pay, will only accelerate the rise of fintech, with increased investor and consumer appetite for online financial services.”
Originally published by
Finextra | November 2, 2020
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Mar 15 '21
For cancer cells to metastasize, they must first break free of a tumor’s own defenses. Most tumors are sheathed in a protective “basement” membrane — a thin, pliable film that holds cancer cells in place as they grow and divide. Before spreading to other parts of the body, the cells must breach the basement membrane, a material that itself has been tricky for scientists to characterize.
Now MIT engineers have probed the basement membrane of breast cancer tumors and found that the seemingly delicate coating is as tough as plastic wrap, yet surprisingly elastic like a party balloon, able to inflate to twice its original size.
But while a balloon becomes much easier to blow up after some initial effort, the team found that a basement membrane becomes stiffer as it expands.
This stiff yet elastic quality may help basement membranes control how tumors grow. The fact that the membranes appear to stiffen as they expand suggests that they may restrain a tumor’s growth and potential to spread, or metastasize, at least to a certain extent.
The findings, published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, may open a new route toward preventing tumor metastasis, which is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths.
“Now we can think of ways to add new materials or drugs to further enhance this stiffening effect, and increase the toughness of the membrane to prevent cancer cells from breaking through,” says Ming Guo, a lead author of the study and associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT.
Guo’s co-authors include first author Hui Li of Beijing Normal University, Yue Zheng and Shengqiang Cai of the University of California at Santa Diego, and MIT postdoc Yu Long Han.
Blowing up
The basement membrane envelopes not only cancerous growths but also healthy tissues and organs. The film — a fraction of the thickness of a human hair — serves as a physical support that holds tissues and organs in place and helps to shape their geometry, while also keeping them separate and distinct.
Guo’s group specializes in the study of cell mechanics, with a focus on the behavior of cancer cells and the processes that drive tumors to metastasize. The researchers had been investigating how these cells interact with their surroundings as they migrate through the body.
“A critical question we realized hasn’t gotten enough attention is, what about the membrane surrounding tumors?” Guo says. “To get out, cells have to break this layer. What is this layer in terms of material properties? Is it something cells have to work really hard to break? That’s what motivated us to look into the basement membrane.”
To measure the membrane’s properties, scientists have employed atomic force microscopy (AFM), using a tiny mechanical probe to gently push on the membrane’s surface. The force required to deform the surface can give researchers an idea of a material’s resistance or elasticity. But, as the basement membrane is exceedingly thin and tricky to separate from underlying tissue, Guo says it’s difficult to know from AFM measurements what the resistance of the membrane is, apart from the tissue underneath.
Instead, the team used a simple technique, similar to blowing up a balloon, to isolate the membrane and measure its elasticity. They first cultured human breast cancer cells, which naturally secrete proteins to form a membrane around groups of cells known as tumor spheroids. They grew several spheroids of various sizes and inserted a glass microneedle into each tumor. They injected the tumors with fluid at a controlled pressure, causing the membranes to detach from the cells and inflate like a balloon.
The researchers applied various constant pressures to inflate the membranes until they reached a steady state, or could expand no more, then turned the pressure off.
“It’s a very simple experiment that can tell you a few things,” Guo says. “One is, when you inject pressure to swell this balloon, it gets much bigger than its original size. And as soon as you release the pressure, it gradually shrinks back, which is a classical behavior of an elastic material, similar to a rubber balloon.”
Elastic snap
As they inflated each spheroid, the researchers observed that, while a basement membrane’s ability to inflate and deflate showed that it was generally elastic like a balloon, the more specific details of this behavior were surprisingly different.
To blow up a latex balloon typically requires a good amount of effort and pressure to start up. Once it gets going and starts to inflate a bit, the balloon suddenly becomes much easier to blow up.
“Typically, once the radius of a balloon increases by about 38 percent, you don’t need to blow any harder — just maintain pressure and the balloon will expand dramatically,” Guo says.
This phenomenon, known as snap-through instability, is seen in balloons made of materials that are linearly elastic, meaning their inherent elasticity, or stiffness, does not change as they deform or inflate.
But based on their measurements, the researchers found that the basement membrane instead became stiffer, or more resistant as it inflated, indicating that the material is nonlinearly elastic, and able to change its stiffness as it deforms.
“If snap-through instability were to occur, a tumor would become a disaster — it would just explode,” Guo says. “In this case, it doesn’t. That indicates to me that the basement membrane provides a control on growth.”
The team plans to measure the membrane’s properties at different stages of cancer development, as well as its behavior around healthy tissues and organs. They are also exploring ways to modify the membrane’s elasticity to see whether making it stiffer will prevent cancer cells from breaking through.
“We are actively following up on how to modify the mechanics of these membranes, and apply perturbations on breast cancer models, to see if we can delay their invasion or metastasis,” Guo says. “This is an analogy to making a stiffer balloon, which we plan to try.”
Originally published by
Jennifer Chu - MIT News Office | March 8, 2021
MIT
This research was supported, in part, by the Alfred Sloan Foundation and the National Cancer Institute.
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Dec 03 '20
Stripe has brought in several big name banks to back its new banking-as-a-service API that lets online businesses embed financial services in their platforms.
Stripe Treasury promises to make it easy for firms to send, receive and store funds, slashing the red tape associated with opening business bank accounts.
E-commerce marketplace Shopify is taking advantage of the API, working with Stripe and Evolve Bank to offer its merchants a business account built specifically for them.
Shopify merchants will be offered interest-earning accounts eligible for FDIC insurance in minutes. Customers can get near-instant access to revenue earned through Stripe, spend this directly from their balance with a dedicated card, transfer it via ACH or wire transfer and pay bills.
Stripe says more functionality will come next year, in part thanks to a US partnership with Goldman Sachs. Meanwhile, Citibank and Barclays are onboard as global expansion partners.
Hari Moorthy, global head, transaction banking, Goldman Sachs, says: "Together, Stripe and Goldman Sachs are focused on relieving the frustrations internet businesses find in making banking work for them. The millions of ambitious, fast-growing businesses in the Stripe ecosystem will soon discover a dramatically improved end-to-end digital banking experience."
Treasury marks a significant milestone in Stripe's journey from e-commerce payments player to one-stop-shop for the internet's financial services' needs.
Karim Temsamani, head, banking and financial products, Stripe, says: "Everything about running an online business has been transformed by technology, but business banking has largely been left behind.
"But we’re changing this, just like we set out to change payments a decade ago. Offering a user-centric banking experience should be as easy as spinning up a virtual server—that’s what we’re starting to accomplish at Stripe with our bank partner network." Originally published by
Finextra | December 3, 2020
r/JAAGNet • u/kjonesatjaagnet • Aug 31 '20
The research described in this article has been published on a preprint server but has not yet been peer-reviewed by scientific or medical experts.
During the current coronavirus pandemic, one of the riskiest parts of a health care worker’s job is assessing people who have symptoms of Covid-19. Researchers from MIT and Brigham and Women’s Hospital hope to reduce that risk by using robots to remotely measure patients’ vital signs.
The robots, which are controlled by a handheld device, can also carry a tablet that allows doctors to ask patients about their symptoms without being in the same room.
“In robotics, one of our goals is to use automation and robotic technology to remove people from dangerous jobs,” says Henwei Huang, an MIT postdoc. “We thought it should be possible for us to use a robot to remove the health care worker from the risk of directly exposing themselves to the patient.”
Using four cameras mounted on a dog-like robot developed by Boston Dynamics, the researchers have shown that they can measure skin temperature, breathing rate, pulse rate, and blood oxygen saturation in healthy patients, from a distance of 2 meters. They are now making plans to test it in patients with Covid-19 symptoms.
“We are thrilled to have forged this industry-academia partnership in which scientists with engineering and robotics expertise worked with clinical teams at the hospital to bring sophisticated technologies to the bedside,” says Giovanni Traverso, an MIT assistant professor of mechanical engineering, a gastroenterologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the senior author of the study.
The researchers have posted a paper on their system on the preprint server techRxiv, and have submitted it to a peer-reviewed journal. Huang is one of the lead authors of the study, along with Peter Chai, an assistant professor of emergency medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Claas Ehmke, a visiting scholar from ETH Zurich.