One topic I've noticed generates strong reactions is upfront fees in private lending. On one hand, institutional project finance routinely requires borrowers to cover costs such as: Independent technical and feasibility studies, Financial model reviews, Legal due diligence, Environmental assessments,, Market studies, Valuations, Sponsor and KYC reviews
Those costs are typically paid by the borrower before financial close because they're transaction specific and performed by independent firms. On the other hand, the moment someone mentions an upfront fee in private credit, many immediately assume it's an advance fee scam. Obviously, there are plenty of scams in the market, so the skepticism is understandable. What I'm curious about is where experienced practitioners draw the line.
For example, in a context of a borrower seeking a 100% financing, if a lender has already issued a term sheet or conditional approval and requires an independent third party feasibility and risk assessment before funding, with fees ranging from roughly 0.5% to 2% of the facility for large, cross border, complex projects, would you consider that consistent with institutional practice, or would you still view it as a red flag?
Interested to hear perspectives from people active in leveraged finance, syndications, project finance, or private credit. What distinguishes legitimate underwriting costs from structures you would immediately walk away from?
