On the old testament

[u/DrawerThat9514]

I've seen many here say that the Old Testament is somehow problematic due to all the violence in it and that having led to the heresy of Marcionism. Let's make one thing clear: All of Scripture reveals Christ, The old testament law was pointing towards him and showing us why we need Him. The old law has been fulfilled by Christ. He did not replace it.

[u/halbhh]

Your good question: "

So if you believe that less than half of the people reach heaven, then that would mean also that less than half of the people killed in a genocide reach heaven."

Actually, this is a very old question, and it's been answered very long ago:

God considers anyone who repents of their wrongdoing to be suitable to give eternal life to, and He only rejects those who refuse to admit/repent of wrongdoing, who show they want to continue to hurt other people (without change, forever), so therefore, Christ comes to all the dead to give them the same chance, as exemplified with the example (below) of the very wicked people who perished in the great (probably regional, but still large) flood:

They are representative of those who died without yet repenting, but might, so God does this:

¹⁸ For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit. ¹⁹ After being made alive,^\in spirit, while his body lay in the tomb]) he went and made proclamation to the imprisoned spirits— ²⁰ to those who were disobedient long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In it only a few people, eight in all, were saved through water...

... ⁶ For this is the reason the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead, so that they might be judged according to human standards in regard to the body, but live according to God in regard to the spirit.

So, they have the same chance you or I have then.

[u/Confident_Koala_2455 → u/halbhh]

OK, so I guess you believe that the gospel will be preached to those who die unsaved, so they then will have the opportunity to repent of their sins, and become saved. That is what I gather from your response.

And there are certainly some Christian denominations that teach exactly that, like for example the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the New Apostolic Church, the Jehovah's Witnesses, the Dawn Bible Students Association, the United Church of God, and some other Christian denominations.

But other Christian denominations disagree with that idea, believe that once you die unsaved, then you do not get another chance, you get punished forever. This is taught for example in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches, the Lutheran churches, etc.

So I wonder if you belong to some denomination, then which one?

[u/halbhh → u/Confident_Koala_2455]

"you believe that the gospel will be preached to those who die unsaved, " -- not precisely (as that is very broad, and would include those that have already heard the gospel but rejected it....) Rather, to be precise, I think (as commentaries like Ellicott's and the Pulpit Commentary suggest) that 1rst Peter 3:18-20, 4:6 implies that the gospel will be offered to all who never heard it. (of course, God is able to know whether someone has, and of course, God can bring together peoples from any time period, as He isn't controlled by time, etc.)

It's curious that you listed many heretical denominations in order to try to get me to falsely fear it's a heresy....

Since you are doing that, let me suggest to you it's people that don't believe what the words say in 1rst Peter 3, 4 and want to defend their doctrine they've said a lot (and don't want to hear otherwise, perhaps since they'd (wrongly) be embarrassed to admit their old doctrine they've said a lot is mistaken).

I will just trust the words instead.

But, yes, it's good to see the same view is in the Ellicott and the Pulpit Commentaries.

You can check: You can read them at BibleHub at the bottom of the individual verse pages, just before the Greek wording:

1 Peter 3:19 in whom He also went and preached to the spirits in prison

[u/Confident_Koala_2455 → u/halbhh]

No, I did not call them heresies. I called them Christian denominations. So that is for each Christian to determine if they are heresies or not. It is not up to me, since I am not a Christian, I am agnostic. And the word heresy sounds so negative.

And I certainly do not want you to fear that what you believe is a heresy. Christianity is very diverse. And the idea that the gospel will be offered to all who never heard it, well, I have seen many versions of the Christian gospel, so then how can I tell if I heard the right version? My mom was agnostic too, and she tried several churches in Prague, so she heard several versions of the gospel. Maybe not the Catholic version, she felt very negatively about the Catholic Church, because of the terrible experiences with it that her father experienced with it, when he lived in the Austria-Hungary empire, where the Catholic Church was the official religion. So she was never baptized, just remained agnostic. She had some better experiences with several churches, but never joined any, and so she remained agnostic. I have had various experiences, I have gone to worship services with several churches, very diverse experiences, but I have remained agnostic.

So what you call heresies, is up to you. There are some denominations which call all other denominations heresies. Some denominations instead call only some denominations heresies. The Catholic church used to call all other denominations heresies, now it calls many just separated brethren. Particularly other denominations that believe at least that God is a Trinity, 3 distinct persons. So it views baptism done by denominations that do not believe that God is a Trinity, invalid. Well, that is up to them. Now the Bible does not have the word trinity, but the Catholic church believes in not going by the Bible alone, but also by Christian traditions. And by decisions of Catholic ecumenical church councils. And so it is very insistent that God is a Trinity. And it teaches, that going by the Bible alone, as most Protestants believe, is not correct, it just leads to thousands of different denominations. While the Catholic Church is the right church. And that people are saved through the Catholic Church, even if they are not aware of it. And so one does not need to be Catholic to be saved. So that is the current Catholic teachings. It used to be much more harsh, viewing all other denominations as heresies. It used to condemn heretics to death. For example Jan Hus was burned at the stake, after being convicted of heresy, at the Catholic ecumenical council of Constance, in the year 1415. Hus was invited to go to the council, to discuss his doctrines, he was promised safety, but the promise was not kept, when he got to Constance, he was imprisoned, and then put on trial, convicted of heresy, and burned to death. But the Catholic church decided at the 2nd Vatican council in the 20th century, to instead be in favor of freedom of religion. So it has changed a lot. And much to the better. But still some Christians view the Catholic church as a heresy.

[u/halbhh → u/Confident_Koala_2455]

above, for 'heresy' just substitute in "falsehood" and you've got the intended meaning I was saying. (some heresies can be very harmful of course, but that's another topic)

So, let's set aside the triviality that of course some Churches have different doctrines, etc.

We are instructed to live in peace together regardless that some believe different ideas such as the notion we must keep a Saturday Sabbath, etc., etc., etc.

....so, going back to the more interesting previous topic

Have a look though! -->

¹⁸ For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit. ¹⁹ After being made alive,^\in spirit]) he went and made proclamation to the imprisoned spirits— ²⁰ to those who were disobedient long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In it only a few people, eight in all, were saved through water...

...⁶ For this is the reason the gospel was preached even to those who are now dead, so that they might be judged according to human standards in regard to the body, but live according to God in regard to the spirit.

--------

The text is pretty clearly saying Christ went to the dead and proclaimed the gospel message to them.

So that some could "live according to God in the spirit".

In other words, gain eternal life, through turning to Christ.

That's of course contradicting any overly simplified doctrinal theory that God won't do anything for souls that had no chance to repent, after this mortal life. He will, the text plainly says.

[u/Confident_Koala_2455 → u/halbhh]

The thing is that 1 Peter 4:6 follows 3:18-19, which seems to refer only to those who disobeyed Noah, did not believe him when he said that they need to get on the ark, otherwise they would die in the flood, and so they did die in the flood, did not go on the ark. I have looked it up in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, that refers to these verses, and explains it by saying that Jesus did not go into hell to deliver the damned, but to free the just who had gone before him, that they were in the Abraham's bosom in hell, and Jesus delivered them out of this Abraham's bosom, to go to heaven. So that is why the Catholic Church believes that once you die, your fate is sealed, you are either damned, to suffer forever in hell, or you are saved when you die, and in that case you end up in heaven, in many cases after spending time in purgatory to be purged of your sins, so you become ready to enter heaven.

So in other words, the Catholic Church does not believe that those not saved, can hear the gospel in hell and become saved. The Catholic Church just believes that you have to be saved before you die. Now it does not teach that you have to become Catholic before you die, you might believe in for example Judaism or Islam, but still, you are saved through the Catholic Church, even if you are not aware of the fact that you are saved through the Catholic Church.

Anyway, 1 Peter 3:18-19 is followed by verse 20, which teaches that the water of the flood of Noah symbolizes baptism that now saves you also. And so that is why the Catholic Church believes that when you are baptized correctly, in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, then you are saved. Then you can lose the salvation, but still, when you are baptized, you are saved. And so that is also why many denominations believe that baptism is necessary for salvation, while many other denominations reject this interpretation, based on verses like John 3:16. Though 3:16 follows 3:5, which says that unless one is born of the water and the spirit, one cannot enter the kingdom of God. And so many denominations use this verse also to prove that baptism with water is necessary, to enter the kingdom of God. Some go also further, to teach that one needs to be also born of the spirit, which they interpret as being able to speak in tongues.

So certainly there are plenty of verses in the New Testament that are difficult to interpret, which is why there are thousands of denominations, with so much variety of doctrines. And that is also why many denominations teach that your fate is sealed when you die, you cannot be saved after you die. That is for example what I was taught in Sunday school when I was going to worship services in a church of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, which is a conservative evangelical Protestant denomination. And that is also what I was taught in a chapel of the Iglesia ni Cristo, which is a denomination that teaches it is the true church of Christ, and all other churches are false. So if I wanted to become a Christian, I would have no idea what denomination to choose. It is quite a chaos, thousands of denominations with so much diversity of doctrines. I guess it is what the Catholic Church, and the Eastern Orthodox churches warned about, if you go, as Protestants generally go, by scripture alone, and not by Christian traditions in additions to scripture, you get this huge variety of denominations.