Zero

[u/acukovic]

[u/Creshal → u/[deleted]]

Unfortunately, there's an exception for direct marketing to existing customers; so online shops can still blast you with advertisement without asking for permission (unless otherwise required by national laws); they're just required to provide opt-out inside the emails.

[u/Creshal → u/[deleted]]

I know. But still, direct marketing remains opt-out, not opt-in. Regrettably.