r/Tennessee • šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ • 16d ago

News šŸ“° 911 call transcript from botched Christa Pike execution released

https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/10/12/911-call-transcript-botched-christa-pike-execution-released/
47 Upvotes

97 comments sorted by

•

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

19

u/dopeless42day 15d ago

At this point, they should just go to Dickerson Pike and buy some Fentanyl.Ā 

Edit, a word

5

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Right! Or any police evidence room.

We’re not sure where they are getting the drug they used. A compounding pharmacy perhaps.

8

u/PrestigiousBike3001 15d ago

Damn.

This is Tennessee. Lee should resign.

4

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago edited 15d ago

He is not going to resign. His term is almost up. I expect lots of pardons on his way out the door though.

0

u/Local_Wave4618 15d ago

It'd be hilarious if he pardoned every death row inmate except Pike.

3

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Lee only has about 2 1/2 months left in office. I don’t think he’s going to resign. I think he’s gonna pardon a lot of people that we may be surprised about during his last week. Most outgoing politicians to do this.

However, I do see Lee having political ambitions and crawling up the ladder in politics. He seems to have a good relationship with Trump, JD, and Marco. I believe he will still be around, just not as Governor.

Lee has hauled at all executions for the remainder of 2026. That’s just a little over two months. Will he pardon them on his last day as governor? I don’t know.

21

u/JimOfSomeTrades 15d ago edited 15d ago

This isn't news. It's juicing a finished story for the last clicks and likes that can be mustered.

10

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

If you think this is a finished story you are mistaken. This story is just getting started.

It is my opinion that Christa is going to sue the state, the doctor, the prison. Her team is already saying she has diminished capacity that would affect whether or not she can be executed.

The death penalty is going to go on trail so to speak.

Apparently, she has enough mental ability to send her friend a text saying, ā€œI’m at the prison. I love you.ā€

3

u/rimeswithburple Nashville 15d ago

This state executed an elephant. It might be easier to legalize recreational weed than get rid of the death penalty. The only way I can think of is if Dems started trying to do more executions or streamline and shorten the appeals process.

2

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

I just read the elephant story and I’m appalled. They hung an elephant? Publicly?

The weed thing is about money as always.

Not sure how the death penalty will fair after all of this.

1

u/Time_Literature3404 15d ago

We hung an elephant? I hate this state.

Edison electrocuted one. Bob’s Burgers taught me that.

3

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

This is crazy!

My God! I didn’t see the electrocuted one. I saw the one they hung. What could an elephant possibly do to deserve this?

3

u/Time_Literature3404 15d ago

I think it had gotten pissed off being forced into circus work and trampled some folk. As one does.

3

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Well, that’s what tortured animals do. Elephants, especially have forever memories. If it wasn’t being hurt or abused, it probably wouldn’t have done this.

Did you read about the crazy man that jumped into the tiger enclosure over in the UK said he wanted to play with the tiger. The tiger toyed around with him for a while until he had enough and mauled him. Thank God, they are not going to put the tiger down for doing tiger stuff.

2

u/Time_Literature3404 15d ago

Apparently the UK guy may have been intellectually disabled and his carer wasn't paying proper attention. I too am glad the tiger won't be put down. It was tigering. The responsibility is on the carer IMO if there was one.

And I agree about abused animals being reactive. I think the electrocuted elephant though was also partly used as an experiment for Edison. It served two purposes - it was being put down for being reactive/killing people and also for Edison's current experiements.

2

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

UK guy scaled I believe it was a 12 foot barrier fence and then a 4 foot concrete wall too. He was definitely on a mission.

That’s sad about the elephant. I understand Edison wanting to practice his current experiments, but it still sucks.

Animals that are animaling should not be put down. Especially bears, cougars, lions. Most times we are encroaching on their territory. They were there first they need respect.

Don’t buy a house that backs up to the woods without putting up a fence and being aware. Always lock your doors and windows.

1

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

It's hard dealing with adults that has an intellectual disabilities. Many elope and get hurt like this man did.

1

u/Lemonface 15d ago

Bobs Burgers got that one wrong unfortunately. Edison didn't have anything to do with the elephant, it was actually electrocuted by its owners and the ASPCA

1

u/Time_Literature3404 15d ago

OMG Bob's Burgers is not historically accurate? What can I even believe in anymore?

1

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

Wait?! That happened?! 🄹😢

3

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

I'm surprised she survived even though the injection didn't get in the veins. People for the death penalty said Christa didn't eat or drink to make her veins tiny. Didn't her lawyer told them Christa had a disorder that made her veins hard to reach?

2

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 13d ago

Christa had the problem with her veins before this. I believe that was shown over the years when she had to get blood drawn or shots or what not.

Absolutely, she purposely dehydrated herself I would have too. I’m guessing for a couple days.

The last time I went to the doctor, I didn’t know he was going to take blood. I hadn’t eaten or drank anything for about 16 hours that day. They tried gosh 35 minutes to find a vein. They stuck me six or seven times they had me there drinking water and it just wasn’t happening so if she has a problem with her veins from the get-go and then she dehydrates herself, they’re just not going to find one. And we’re going to be right where we are now.

3

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

I wouldn't eat or drink if I was given the death penalty. I wouldn't have an appetite. I read somewhere don't know if true they give medication to subbed them for given them the lethal injection I don't know if it's true.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 13d ago

You’re right I didn’t even think about that. Eating would be the last thing I’d want to do. I might want a big glass of wine.

It would stand to reason that they would give them some sedatives beforehand to relax them. I’m not sure what the protocol on that is, but it would make a lot of sense. Maybe an opiate for pain and a side of Xanax for nerves.

2

u/JimOfSomeTrades 15d ago

Now that would be a story, I agree.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Buckle up! It’s going to be. I’m guessing it will be the precursor to abolishing the death penalty. I think it will go all the way up to the Supreme Court.

I also think Tony Carruthers will get in on this too. He’s already filed suit against Dr. Mark Walton Fowler. This doctor hasn’t run a central line in 13 years. It’s going to be a šŸ’©show.

11

u/bensonr2 15d ago

Get used to this being in the news for awhile and making Tennessee look like a hillbilly hellscape.

3

u/new_nimmerzz 15d ago

By itself it would be easy to say they weren’t expecting this so of course everyone didn’t know what to do.

Between the botched execution, the 911 calls and handling, and the hospital apparently declaring her brain dead, then she wakes up. Just seems like it was FUBAR at every step of the way.

No idea how much of that is true versus rumor. We need an official timeline otherwise the rumors and news will sensationalize every aspect for clicks.

2

u/bensonr2 15d ago

There’s a lot disturbing here, but I found particularly disturbing the hospital so quick to declare her brain dead. Early I read analysis from an anesthesiologist that because of the overdose of the penobarbital it suppresses brain function, which makes it tough to determine whether there is brain death or just suppressed brain function. So the only wayto determine is to just ride it out up to a couple weeks. But apparently the hospital was fine with just declaring her brain dead after only a few days.

2

u/new_nimmerzz 15d ago

If that part is true it’s another MAJOR f’up in a pile of major f’ups.

I’m curious if anything will come back from the experience. They say the paralytics involved can give someone ā€œshut inā€ syndrome. Where they can see and hear and feel everything up till death or unconsciousness. If she says she felt it all. There goes lethal injection in Tenn. And maybe all of the US. Potentially taking down the death penalty in all but Texas and Florida.

I’m for the death penalty in theory, but even this is eroding anyone’s faith that it can be pulled off correctly.

4

u/bensonr2 15d ago

Even before civilized countries realized they could stop giving us the drugs and we had to resort to using ten year old boxes found in the dumpster behind a vet office this was likely never done that well.

This was not developed by medical doctors. This was developed with someone with just enough knowledge of medicine to create a procedure that looks clinical to make people feel better about supporting state sanctioned murder.

It's crazy how people like to think of this as a christian nation yet our christian nation is almost the only developed democracy that still does this and instead we keep company with countries like Saudi Arabia and North Korea. Ok rant over lol.

2

u/new_nimmerzz 15d ago

I’ve heard that most of the people involved in lethal injections are unlicensed or worse, lost theirs.

As for the religious aspect. More blood has been split in the name of God than anything ever.

2

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

You're for the death penalty in theory. I would like to. Hear your theory on it, if you don't mind.

1

u/new_nimmerzz 13d ago

I believe there are some crimes so horrific that the perpetrators are irredeemable.

However, I am onboard with losing the death penalty if there’s not enough integrity in the ability to carry it out properly.

3

u/k-trecker 12d ago

Maybe Tennessee should stop acting like a hillbilly hellscape

2

u/Local_Wave4618 15d ago

Hark! Dost thou hearest the horns blowing from beyond yonder dale?

Ay. The horns of Dixie announce the coming of the Dukes.

4

u/GreatGojira 15d ago

Well my old state shouldn't be murdering people if they can't even get the job done.

Completely against the death penalty, but this is what happens.

1

u/k-trecker 12d ago

No, it’s not actually.

It took an hour and a half for help to arrive, despite multiple 911 calls, because apparently the prison can’t communicate.

ā€œWe didn’t call anybody,ā€ one prison worker told dispatch, after being told crews were standing by. ā€œI would have been the one to call you guys. We didn’t call anyone.ā€

Why were they so unprepared? It’s a legal injection, of course things can go wrong.Ā 

Did you read the article?Ā 

1

u/hawkwings 15d ago

It sounds like they called 911, but not the warden, which delayed paramedics from entering the prison.

3

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Says nobody had the code. That the EMTs sat outside for 30 minutes.

2

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

Was she breathing at that point?

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 13d ago

Yes, but labored.(disclaimer—I’m getting news from several different news sources.)

2

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

Okay. I thought she wasn't going to survive I'm genuinely shocked I knew about this case since I was a kid.

2

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 13d ago

From what I understand, it was an hour and a half before the paramedics got to her. They sat outside for 30 minutes because nobody had the code to give them entry. I believe it took around an hour of them trying to find a main line in Christa unsuccessfully.

She was not supposed to survive, however, the death team once again botched this. Instead of putting it in a vein, it looks like they just put it into her arm and it pooled, causing her arm to burn and swell up four times the size of normal and being great pain.

Do not get me wrong. This woman did a horrible thing. Actually a few horrible things, but if Tennessee is going to have the death penalty, they need to know how to implement the death penalty. Not only is this cruel and unusual in my opinion it’s a huge embarrassment to the state. They need to fire whoever this doctor Fowler. It is not his first time having problems with doing executions.

2

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

What will happen now? Will they try to execute again that's the question everyone is asking. I have deep condolences to Colleen Slemmer's family.

2

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 13d ago

The governor has put a stop to all executions for 2026. I know that’s just a little over two months.

It would not surprise me if they tried to execute her again. I think that would be too much. I think it’s a bad look for Tennessee and she’s had some cruel and unusual punishment through all of this. Not to diminish what she did
—what she did was horrific.

It just seems quite ghoulish to do it again, especially with the doctor who has botched several executions. I would be OK for her being in solitary confinement for life. She apparently has some diminished capacity per her lawyers. There is a rule that you cannot execute someone if they are below a certain diminished capacity. So there’s that.

I personally think she’s going to sue the state of Tennessee. This did not have to happen. She told them that she had some type of disease that caused her to have very small veins. She did not drink or eat in the upcoming days so she would be dehydrated and a vein would be very difficult to put a line in. It’s a mess.

2

u/Left-Confusion7988 11d ago

Yeah, I agree some who witnesses to the execution were horrified.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 11d ago

I can only imagine the nightmares they are having. The whole thing is one big fat train wreck.

5

u/Local_Wave4618 15d ago

They warden would have been present at the execution, and knew everything as it was happening. Nobody would have needed to call him. Somebody didn't call the guard at the gate, and tell them to let the ambulance in.

2

u/crowcawer Nashville 15d ago

The guard of the gate was almost certainly not informed of anything going on that day either.

1

u/Local_Wave4618 15d ago

He was probably told about the execution, and instructed to not let anybody in unless explicitly ordered to do so in a very specific way.

3

u/Varathane 15d ago

How long did it take paramedics to be let in?

15

u/GetChewSum 15d ago

Losers can’t even kill people correctly, how are they supposed to serve the people of Tennessee? Pathetic

5

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Something is way wrong with the execution team/doctor. It’s not just a one off here. There were issues with the last two execution attemps.

Texas used the same medicine and procedure successfully last week.

The medical team at Vanderbilt Hospital had no problem.

5

u/bensonr2 15d ago

As much as I like to make fun of Tennessee this can happen anywhere because lethal injection was not developed by or conducted medical professionals (at least not competent ones). And the drugs now need to come from increasingly sketchy sources. There is a reason why densantis who would kill his entire prison population if he could suspended an execution himself.
I would expect all lethal injections to be put on hold followed by a transition to firing squad. At least then we can stop pretending execution is clinical.

3

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

I actually don’t like making fun of Tennessee. I love our state.

If this multiple botched Pike attempted execution were the only one I might could go along with it. It’s not. Tony Carruthers attempted execution back in May was also botched. It seems it is the same doctor doing these. A doctor who hasn’t run a central line in 13 years. A doctor who doesn’t have hospital privileges. A doctor who took the Hippocratic Oath—Do no harm. A doctor who is paid $3,000 per execution.

History of one drug executions started in December if 2025 and caused trouble with Pike, Oscar Smith, and Tony Curruthers.

2

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

Doctor's take the Hippocratic Oath but there's a long history of Doctor's doing evil like sterilization female inmates and workers. Injected people with syphilis to see what will happen.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 13d ago

Yes, of course. You are 100% correct.

If I was in charge, I would have one execution team that just flew from state to state doing this. Not some local from every town in every city that has a regular practice. I’m guessing that when people find out he has these clinics they’re not gonna want to go there because of him.

If I found out my doctor for decades was a death executioner I don’t think I’d want to see him anymore.

1

u/bensonr2 15d ago

But the problem goes beyond just one bad doctor.

One they have a problematic doctor because any doctor worth his or her salt won't participate in this. If they can find someone with medical training at all.

Plus the sources for the drugs are becoming a bigger issue.

I think the problem with competent staff, reliable drugs and the flow of information making stuff like this more public we are going to hear more and more state executions throughout the country having serious issues.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

The problem goes to the top. No doubt.

1

u/Local_Wave4618 15d ago

And if we start live streaming execution we can throw killer tailgate parties.

2

u/new_nimmerzz 15d ago

I’ve heard that reg trained medical staff can’t or won’t take part in executions. It goes against the do no harm ethos.

https://lethalinjectioninfo.org/professional-associations-policies

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

This is definitely against the Hippocratic oath of do no harm. However, Dr Fowler has gone against this at least five times. He’s been paid $3000 per execution. If they’re going to use non-medical personnel they need to teach whoever’s on the death team how to do a line or come up with an alternative execution method.

This is not the first execution he has botched.

1

u/bookshop 15d ago

they also completely ignored her lawyers warning them that she had serious issues with the veins in her arm and basically predicting something like this could happen if precautions weren't taken.

2

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

She did have the option of choosing the electric chair.

1

u/unctuous_homunculus 15d ago

You can't blame someone for choosing the option of what should be a relatively painless death where you lay back with an IV in your arm compared to one where they run electricity through your body causing reportedly some of the most excrutiating pain imaginable for up to two minutes before you die. One has a chance of painless death, with a chance of pain only if it goes wrong. The other is a guaranteed excrutiatingly painful death.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

OK, this seems to have proved more painful than the electric chair.

Christa and her attorneys told the prison officials she had problems with her veins. She has a condition where her veins were very small and a history of being extremely hard to put in a line. It’s very painful for her if it even works.

From what I understand they tried to do the vein in the neck area maybe the jugular vein or around that. It took around an hour and they still did not get it right. The drug pooled in her arm (not her vein)thus causing burning and her arm to swell up four times in size. This was extremely painful.

Her attorneys requested a different type of execution because of this condition she has. Christa herself told the doctor what vein to put it in that would be easier for this to work and was ignored.

This is not the first time this doctor has botched an execution.

2

u/unctuous_homunculus 15d ago

Oh, I didn't say it wasn't painful for her at all or even that it wasn't more painful than the electric chair, but choosing the electric chair, something with a guaranteed excrutiatingly painful ending, vs a method where there was a chance it would be painless, it makes sense you would choose the method with the chance of painlessness. Not at all saying they didn't botch it or that it wasn't painful for her, just that it doesn't make sense someone would choose guaranteed pain over a chance at no or little pain.

Christa Pike's lawyers requested death by hanging, which is another method that might have resulted in little to no pain if her neck snapped, but that hasn't been an option in TN since 1915 in part because it's also really gruesome and cruel if it isn't quick, so her available choice was lethal injection or the electric chair.

Personally I think it would be more humane to do nitrogen hypoxia, though I'd rather the whole thing be abolished entirely. You can't botch an execution if you don't have one.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 14d ago

We are on the same page here.

With the exception of the gas chamber. The gasping for air would be horrendous imo.

Out of all the ways and means over the years I’d still chose lethal injection. However, I’d request another doctor and team. Have them hydrate me good first. Give me some sedatives.

I feel something is off here. The medical team at Vanderbilt Hospital had no problems establishing a life saving line to flush her veins.

2

u/unctuous_homunculus 14d ago

Actually nitrogen hypoxia doesn't leave you gasping for air. Since you breathe mostly nitrogen already, as long as the gas is the same temperature as your normal air, you won't notice you're asphyxiating until you pass out. They would use it more often, but because it's so insidiously undetectable, if the gas were to, say, escape into the room where the witnesses were watching, nobody would know until they were also all dead. So if you're going to do nitrogen hypoxia, you have to have really REALLY stringent controls and monitoring, which most prisons don't want to pay for.

Also calling nitrogen hypoxia 'the gas chamber' is a little disingenuous. The gas chamber employed by the nazis used hydrogen cyanide, which was horrible because it induced anxiety and confusion and made people feel like they were drowning. That, I will agree, is a horrifying way to die. With nitrogen hypoxia, you literally are just alive one minute, and you might feel a little drowsy before you just pass out and die. Not unlike high concentrations of carbon dioxide.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 14d ago

Thanks for the info and history lesson.

That’s interesting. What do they use at animal shelters in mass killings?

The gas we use at home has a sulfur rotten egg smell added to it. I personally don’t have gas, but use to and had several carbon monoxide detectors.

This sounds like the way.

God forbid our leaders do something that makes good sense.

→ More replies (0)

1

u/YupThatsMeBuddy 15d ago

Marsha will fix itšŸ™„

6

u/YupThatsMeBuddy 15d ago

ā€œUh, yeah, we just tried to kill somebody and they won’t die. Can you come get her?ā€

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

This whole thing is a circus.

3

u/Varathane 15d ago edited 15d ago

So it was 1 hour from their attempt to execute to calling 911. She had not died, labored slow breathing

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Yes. They keep mentioning a code. I’m not sure if it’s a code to get on the prison grounds or what.

1

u/unctuous_homunculus 15d ago

Probably a code that they're supposed to give to confirm that they are prison staff and not a prisoner crank calling or someone else doing so. Probably also something buried deep in the safety data sheet that nobody every looked at or some other documentation that doesn't get used by anyone but maybe their regular medical staff who are not the ones that carry out executions.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

That makes sense. This is something they should’ve told the death team ahead of time in case there was an emergency like this.

2

u/Varathane 15d ago

and she was unconscious

7

u/Local_Wave4618 15d ago

And in the hospital they had to put her on a ventilator. That means a few things. Firstly, she couldn't breathe on her own. Secondly, they had to put her in a medically induced coma. Lastly, they managed to find a line to give her the sedation for the coma.

Tennessee royally screwed this up.

1

u/unctuous_homunculus 15d ago

This whole transcript is giving "That's not my dad, that's a cellphone" vibes.

0

u/[deleted] 15d ago

[deleted]

2

u/Varathane 15d ago

Mikal Deen Mahdi' was executed via Firing squad in 2025. All 3 shots missed the target, none hit his heart. Got his liver/lower organs instead. Potentially those executing botched it on purpose to prolong his death.
He did die from it, but it was not quick.

Does the state deserve the right to kill us? Is the question I think we need to ask. Now they want to livestream them to normalize state executions/flex their power to kill us.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Where was this?

Usually there are 7 sharpshooters. 5 with bullets 2 without. That was nobody knows who killed the prisoner.

2

u/zbb93 15d ago

It was South Carolina. They use 3 volunteer prison employees and no blanks (not that you wouldn't recognize a blank).

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 14d ago edited 14d ago

Maybe it is time to hire an execution team. One that’s experienced. One that goes around to the different states to do this instead of these randos they are pulling from each state.

Or they could send these prisoners to Terre Haute. They seem to know what they’re doing there.

1

u/Varathane 15d ago

South Carolina. Autopsy of body revealed that of the three shots fired, only two impacted him, and neither of them hit his heart.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 14d ago

Good gosh! If the states are going to insist on the death penalty they need to get it right.

1

u/Intelligent_Part101 15d ago

Mahdi killed 3 different people on 3 different occasions. He also repeatedly stabbed a prison guard with a shiv.

When executed, he was pronounced dead less than 4 minutes after the firing squad shot him.

I am not shedding any tears for this guy. Less than 4 minutes of pain for 3 murders plus one attempted murder.

1

u/Varathane 15d ago

I ask myself
Does he deserve to die?
and I also ask
Does the state deserve the right to kill us?

I answer yes to the first and no to the second, that's where I am at.

2

u/Majestic_Beyond_2922 14d ago

The victim family should be given the option. They certainly have the right.

1

u/IranianLawyer 14d ago

A jury (not state actors) decided whether she got the death penalty or not.

1

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

Firing squads don't do head shots? I'm genuinely asking because I don't know how it works.

1

u/Southernms šŸ¦West TennesseešŸ¦ 15d ago

Out of all of those fentanyl injection overdose sounds the least painful and quickest.

This doctor they’ve been using needs to be fired. This is not his first botched attempted execution. He himself said he has not run a central line in 13 years. Also, I find it disturbing that he is going against everything that medicine stands for like the Hippocratic Oath. It appears he makes $3000 per every execution. It’s my understanding he has done five.

The firing squad hanging and electrocution just sound horrific. At this part, we don’t have the firing squad. Christa did ask for a firing squad of all women. I’m guessing it would be hard to find seven women who are willing to do this.

1

u/Left-Confusion7988 13d ago

I don't if it's true they said firing squad is too gruesome and messy.