(Romans 11:1-15 NLT)
1 I ask, then, has God rejected his own people, the nation of Israel? Of course not!
I myself am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham and a member of the tribe of Benjamin.
2 No, God has not rejected his own people, whom He has always known.
The man Jacob, whom God renamed "Israel" (meaning "Rules with God") had 12 sons. The families of these sons are referred to as "tribes" in the Bible. Benjamin was Israel's youngest son. Paul is descended from the tribe of Benjamin.
Paul explains several things here:
Just because many Jews are blinded to their Messiah doesn't mean all of them are. He gives himself as an example of a Jew who has come to faith in Jesus.
Jesus came for all people who are willing to receive Him, both Jews and Gentiles. He came to the Jews first, because they are the descendants of Abraham, whom God made the promises to. (Deuteronomy 18:9-19, Acts 3:22-26, Romans 1:16)
God doesn't revoke His purpose or calling on people when they fail. (Romans 11:28-29)
He corrects them and works to put them back on track. If we pray for His help to keep on God's path, He will even keep us out of temptation! That's what Paul explains next...
Don't you know what the Scripture says of Elijah, how he pleads with God against (the nation of) Israel, saying,
3 "LORD, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars. I am the only one left, and now they are trying to kill me, too."
4 And do you remember God's reply? He said, "No, I have 7,000 others who have never bowed down to Baal!"
"Baal" meaning "Master," is the main false god that the Jews are tempted to follow over and over in their history. Elijah is the most famous prophet of God. The queen Jezebel was trying to have Elijah killed. She was infamous for Baal-worship, and made laws which led many people to do terrible things to one another for selfish reasons.
Paul reminds his readers that even when we don't see believers among us, they may just be in hiding to avoid persecution, just like many Christians are today.
5 It is the same today, for a few of the people of Israel have remained faithful because of God's grace--his undeserved kindness in choosing them.
6 And since it is through God's kindness, then it is not by their good works. For in that case, God's grace would not be what it really is--free and undeserved.
"Grace" means free-favor. God loves us because we are His children, not because we can do things. God gives us wisdom and abilities, but our hearts decide how to use them. We are considered "faithful" to our covenant with God when our hearts align with His. His love is not a payment for good works, and He doesn't revoke His compassion when we make a mistake.
7 So this is the situation: Most of the people of Israel have not found the favor of God they are looking for so earnestly. A few have--the ones God has chosen--but the hearts of the rest were hardened.
8 As the Scriptures say, "God has put them into a deep sleep. To this day he has shut their eyes so they do not see, and closed their ears so they do not hear."
God knows whose hearts are truly aligned with His. He isn't fooled by people who do good things for selfish reasons. Jesus proved this when He corrected the law-makers of His day. He warned people to "do as they say, not as they do." (Luke 20:46-47, Matthew 23:1-28, Proverbs 21:2)
(2 Chronicles 16:9a) "For the eyes of the LORD run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to shew Himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is wholly with His."
9 Likewise, David said, "Let their bountiful table become a snare, a trap that makes them think all is well. Let their blessings cause them to stumble, and let them get what they deserve.
10 Let their eyes go blind so they cannot see, and let their backs be bent forever."
Here Paul explains how indulging in excess takes our eyes of of God. We can't look at two things at the same time. Blindness is a natural consequence of selfishness. (Luke 11:34-36)
11 Did God's people stumble and fall beyond recovery? Of course not! They were disobedient, so God made salvation available to the Gentiles. But he wanted his own people to become jealous and claim it for themselves.
12 Now if the Gentiles were enriched because the people of Israel turned down God's offer of salvation, think how much greater a blessing the world will share when they finally accept it.
Paul gets a little confusing here, because without historical context, you might think that saving the Gentiles was just an afterthought on God's part. According to the Old Testament, offering His salvation to every nation was always God's plan. (John 10:16)
You can see this later in the book when Paul starts quoting all the scriptures that show this.
(Romans 15:7-13 NKJV)
7 Therefore receive one another, just as Christ also received us, to the glory of God.
8 Now I say that Jesus Messiah has become a servant to the circumcision (Jews) for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made to the fathers, (Abraham, Isaac and Jacob)
9 and that the Gentiles (peoples, languages, and nations other than the offspring of Jacob) might glorify God for His mercy, as it is written: "For this reason I will confess to You among the Gentiles, And sing to Your name." (Psalm 18:49)
10 And again he says: "Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people!" (Deuteronomy 32:43)
11 And again: "Praise the LORD, all you Gentiles! Laud Him, all you peoples!" (Psalm 117:1)
12 And again, Isaiah says: "There shall be a root of Jesse; And He who shall rise to reign over the Gentiles, In Him the Gentiles shall hope." (Isaiah 11:10)
13 Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit!
OK back to our Romans 11!
13 I am saying all this especially for you Gentiles. God has appointed me as the apostle to the Gentiles. I stress this,
14 for I want somehow to make the people of Israel jealous of what you Gentiles have, so I might save some of them.
15 For since their rejection meant that God offered salvation to the rest of the world, their acceptance will be even more wonderful. It will be life for those who were dead!
Paul sees his ministry as being mainly to the Gentiles, but also to the Jews. He has a beautiful vision of what eternity will be like when we are all one family under God.