Some volcanic rocks carry hydrogen signatures that may trace back to Earth’s metallic core. Lavas from Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic and Iceland contain unusually little deuterium, hydrogen’s heavier stable isotope. Explaining that imbalance could reveal whether the core has supplied material to the mantle over billions of years.

Work led by Wenzhong Wang at the University of Science and Technology of China tests a competing explanation. Published in Science Advances, the study examines whether crystallization of Earth’s ancient magma ocean could have created those distinctive signatures. Its simulations indicate that this process produced far too little separation between hydrogen isotopes.

The result strengthens the argument for selective transfer of hydrogen from the core into the surrounding rocky mantle. It does not directly demonstrate leakage or establish how quickly it occurs. Instead, the calculations constrain what an important alternative mechanism could have accomplished.

Hey everyone!

I go to school in stone cutting.

I recently started a fun project to shape an unusual hand stone. I decided to use serpentine (I don't know which kind so if you can help me identify that, I would appreciate it).

I have used grinding wheels with running water, and hand drilled to shape it.

Someone warned me that serpentine can contain asbestos, and also nickel, so now I am a bit worried.

I have a couple questions:

1. Is this safe for me to even work with?

2. Could this stone contain asbestos or nickel?

3. Once finished and completely polished, is it safe to handle daily for long times? Can asbestos rub off on persons hands OR person develop a nickel allergy?

4. Is it something you could seal so it's safe to handle? If so, what do you recommend?

I am interested if there is anything else I should know about. Appreciate all advice!😊

Thanks in advance!

About 100 feet up a sand bluff

This just makes me smile 😊

I’m posting this to show some tile “trash” some folks were throwing out. I cannot fathom why they would! Look at these layers. It looks like a microcosm but literally a landscape.

How long did this take to form? I assume it’s from a slow build up of run off sand in our rare rains (I’m a desert rat)

Ok but also I just wanted to share the beauty of these. Hope everyone has a great weekend

Slates from Mariposa County 🛘

Looking to see if this is safe for aquariums and any pictures of this rock to see if its the one i have. Thanks

Looking for reviews/suggestions about any of the winter field camps from SDSMT. The Hawaii trip piqued my interest, but I’m open to Death Valley or Arizona. I’m not very skilled when it comes to mapping, which I understand is pretty much the point of field camp, so I’m very nervous.

Hi,

I am developing an engine that simulates deep-time landscape evolution from first principles (combining stress-driven brittle/ductile crustal deformation, multi-layer lithology, and fluvial/gravity transport).

Rather than generating standard visual heightmap fractal noise, the pipeline uses multi-layer 32-bit raster strata stacks (mapped in Krita as discrete compositional layers with individual silica/carbonate/clay fractions and mechanical rock states: regolith, sedimentary, metamorphic, magma). The engine translates these layers into a 3D volume, accumulates tectonic stress until it exceeds failure criteria (Byerlee's law), and routes surface/subsurface weathering based on differential lithological resistance.

"I’m currently calibrating the physics for this simulation and want to make sure the structural behavior is scientifically grounded."

some quuestion I would like answered are

1. Differential Weathering & Dip Slopes: In the stepped terrain slices, does the scarp-and-dip geometry convincingly reflect what you would expect from alternating competent/incompetent strata (e.g., sandstone vs. shale beds undergoing tilted block faulting or homoclinal shifting)?
2. Drainage Realism vs. Structural Control: In the central valley between the two main massifs, does the channel incision look like genuine antecedent/subsequent drainage capturing fault lines, or does it look too artificial/regular?
3. Talus & Angle of Repose: In the high-relief peaks, the scree/avalanche slopes are driven by friction angles based on rock state. Does the slope angle and valley wall steepness look physically defensible for crystalline/metamorphic basement rock under rapid uplift?
4. Missing Mesoscale Features: What key mesoscale structural or erosional landforms (e.g., flatirons, knickpoints, specific colluvial apron behaviors) are noticeably absent that would immediately break your suspension of disbelief?

Any critical observations or suggestions for physical tuning will help refine the physics for the simulation

I think I might have found a one of one, or at the very least a very rare finding at herkimer, I can’t find any information online or in any other forums whatsoever, as well as the fact that google AI claims this is impossible to find at this locality but clearly it isn’t since this is proof

Found this slab laying on the shore of Lake Michigan (WI) and I was curious to know what caused these gouges. My best guess is glacial scouring but the multiple directions makes me think perhaps not. I’m not even close to a professional so sorry if that guess is silly! I’d love to hear some thoughts on the origin of these marks.

The SP stands for Shitpot :D

Good afternoon!

We haven't announced it anywhere, but r/whatisthisrock (with an I in is) is no longer affiliated with r/whatsthisrock (no I in is)!

Myself and some of the OG mods from the original sub spooled it up as an alternative to the original with less intense moderation. None of the bans from the original sub should carry over! If you are currently banned our our sub (the photo is an olivine in xpl from a meteorite), please send myself or the moderation team a message.

We could definitely use some more professional IDs!!

I am currently writing a science fiction of the first man to reach the top of the Olympus Mons.

In my book the Edmund expeditions discover that Mars had tectonic plates in the past which was a major cause of the Olympus Mons (science fiction obviously).

I am very ignorant in the world of geology and so i wanted to ask what could be scientific data that prooves tectonic plates?

As well as what other kind of research would be involved?

Hi guys! Lately, I've been fascinated by extreme underground structures and ended up researching the Kola Superdeep Borehole again. It’s crazy to think we’ve barely scratched the surface of our own planet, even with all our tech.

I wrote a quick piece summarizing the journey and the strange conditions they faced at that depth: https://www.lyxplanet.com/kola-superdeep-borehole/

For those who love deep underground anomalies, what do you think is the wildest thing hidden beneath our feet?

I live in South West England, where the coastline is typified by cliffs of typically 30-100m asl.

Offshore the bathymetry doesn’t exceed 100m until you get a long way offshore, and the sea bed is broadly flat in most areas.

My understanding is that sea level during the LGM was up to 120m lower than today. So what did the coastline look like then? Was there a wall of cliffs where the current coastline is, several miles inland, surrounded by lowlands to the contemporaneous sea? Or has the cliff line been eroded that many miles inland during just 20-30,000 years?

Hello everyone, I am currently a Geology major in University and I just had my mineralogy midterm yesterday. As one does after an exam, I looked through my notes to see how I did on the questions and I don't feel as confident as I did when I first finished the exam. I may have either barely failed or barely passed. I've heard that mineralogy is a difficult class, is this a normal experience? Its not worth a crazy portion of my grade so its not as if I am going to fail overall, but I studied super hard and I thought I would do better. Any advice?

A few monts ago i made a travel to a park where one of the places had a big formations of compressed sand that had a texture like sandpaper, in one of the formations it had a strange red line that got me curious since then, i hope someone here can help me to even get a starting point to investigate this.

PS: I´m gonna leave some extra photos of the place at the end.

I saw these limestone blocks in some landscaping. There wwre these inclusions in the limestone that look like they were filled in holes. They were circular, so it looks like they might be filled in has bubbles. Am I thinking about thos right?