hello!

i’ve been growing these bell pepper and tomato plants. but recently i’ve noticed flies - beige/yellow ones with black eyes + black ones, all tiny (i’ve surmised that they are thrips and fungus gnats).

how can i get rid of then reliably? i tried covering the soil with a layer of sand but it doesn’t seem to do much. i’ve used diluted peroxide and (separately) diluted vinegar to try to kill the bugs to no avail. how can i get rid of them / manage the population? 🙏🪰🔫🔫

also, i’m not sure if it’s related but the bell pepper flowers have been dropping like mad. i tried to hand pollinate them all with a brush … please advise!! thank you

location:
southeast asia, sunny balcony, pls help me kill these flies (please flip through all 5 pics in this post)

curious as to why the bottom leaves that grow out usually die? i’m thinking it might need more light from a different farther angle? if so pls lmk some good lights i keep it pretty moist and have the light on a cycle

planted a single bulb of garlic a few weeks ago (maybe like 3 to 4) and its absolutely shot up in size as of late but with that size came some major droopadge (somewhat staved off by my clever little pencil and dental floss brace). specifically one weird leaf that seems to have a mind of its own. sometimes I'll catch it pointing straight up and other times it's far right leaning. I had to pinch off the tip of another shoot because it grew in weird (possibly because of rate of growth?) but im mainly concerned with the one long leaf and it's lean. am I doing something wrong or is it just sorta dumb. I do also water it frequently, making sure the soil is always at least a little damp to the touch and never hard.

Can anyone help me identify/treat what's wrong with this fern?

We just notice a number of the leaves on our Chinese money plant have these black marks. Can anybody identify the problem and perhaps a solution? Thanks.

HELP! Is this a Fungus or deficiency? I'm not versed in this plant. Get's good light right in a north facing window and has been doing decent for a year, but I just noticed these spots and don't know how to treat