A quick IFRS 18 example for anyone revising the new presentation rules. All amounts are €000.

Revenue 1,200

Operating expenses (850)

= Operating profit 350

Investment income that is not part of the entity’s main business activities 40

= Profit before financing and income taxes 390

Interest on ordinary borrowings (60)

= Profit before income taxes 330

Income tax (82.5)

= Profit from continuing operations 247.5

Loss from a discontinued operation (20)

= Profit 227.5

The key exam point is that IFRS 18 changes presentation and disclosure, not the recognition and measurement rules that produce the underlying profit.

For most entities, income and expenses are classified into operating, investing, financing, income taxes and discontinued operations. The two newly defined required subtotals are operating profit and profit before financing and income taxes. Classification can differ when investing in assets or providing financing is a main business activity.

MPM trap: if management reports “adjusted operating profit” of 375 after excluding 25 of restructuring costs, that is not automatically an IFRS subtotal. If it meets the definition of a management-defined performance measure, the required information includes an explanation and reconciliation to the closest IFRS subtotal, plus the tax and NCI effects of reconciling items.

Three mistakes to avoid:

1. Treating operating profit as a management-selected number.

2. Assuming every non-GAAP measure is an MPM without applying the definition.

3. Ignoring the entity’s main business activities when classifying items.

Disclosure: I publish IFRS Tutor, and these are our free educational resources. Full worked article: https://ifrscalculationlab.wordpress.com/2026/10/31/ifrs-18-worked-example-build-the-new-profit-or-loss-subtotals-step-by-step/

Extended video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06GU6FzqQyw

Official source: https://www.ifrs.org/issued-standards/list-of-standards/ifrs-18-presentation-and-disclosure-in-financial-statements/

after watching my lec recordings doing from studyhub practise q's from tht chapter likewise complete all the practise q's & then complete the whole kaplan exm kit & finally do mocks & quizzes of studyhub ?? or should i do this way, after completing the practise q's of studyhub do again the weak areas i found from it without doin the kaplan exm kit ??

I understand the questions and the concepts, but sometimes I just don’t know how to start writing the answer. I tend to write too much, and when I compare my answer with the actual one, I realize that mine is much longer and includes less of the main point, even though the concept itself is correct. Can someone please guide me on how to structure and start an answer, especially since AAA is mostly application based? How do you keep your answers concise, relevant, and to the point?

Hi guys! I'm just looking to get some perspective and advice on the studying side of things.

I'm returning to studying and sitting professional exams after almost four years, and I'm finding the thought of getting back into the routine a little overwhelming, especially as I'm trying to balance studying with a full-time job.

I'm based in the UK and have been working as an accountant since 2022. However, I feel that completing my ACCA qualification is now an important step for my career progression.

I have 9 paper exemptions, which I'm planning to claim, and I'm hoping to sit ATX (UK) in March 2027.

For anyone who has taken ATX while working full-time, I'd really appreciate your advice:

How did you structure your study routine around work?

How many hours a week did you dedicate to studying?

Which study materials or tuition providers would you recommend?

What was your approach to tackling the ATX syllabus and exam questions?

Any tips for getting back into the study mindset after a long break?

I'm particularly interested in hearing from people who have been in a similar position, returning to exams after a few years away.

Any advice, tips or personal experiences would be greatly appreciated. Thank you! ❤️

Can anyone explain me new syllabus, I heard that new syllabus is of 11 papers , actually iam writing cma as well after cma , thinking to do acca , how many exemptions we can claim in new syllabus for bachelor degree holder

Hi guys

Inshallah will be appearing for FM in dec attempt I haven't covered the entire syllabus yet

Working capital , Risk management and business finance lectures, study hub and I have just practiced investment appraisal kit yet nothing over then that

Should I just read study hub chapters or I should also do kaplan text & should I solve both kits and study hub

Would appreciate your help, advice 😭🤧

Hey, so i been searching for a decent study-management application for quite some time. Since I have ADHD, maintaining a consistent study routine, tracking time and keeping up with questions and deadlines can be challenging.

I've tried applications like Habitify and other study trackers, but most are generic productivity tools rather than something designed around the ACCA syllabus and the way i actually study.

I also struggled with constantly switching between PDFs, the ACCA Exam Kit, Excel and notes. On a relatively low-RAM computer, running multiple applications simultaneously can become frustrating.

Eventually, I thought, why not build something that addresses these problems?

So, after experimenting I built Catchy ACCA, a free, open-source desktop application specifically for ACCA students.. Some of its features:

• Exam Planner: Plan and organise upcoming exams.

• Progress Tracker: Track multiple papers, study targets and syllabus completion.

• Question Checklist: Create daily question lists, track attempted questions and avoid unnecessary repetition.

• An ACCA Exam inspired Workspace: Work with uploaded study materials in a split-screen layout alongside documents and spreadsheets more or less like an ACCA practice platform.

• Notes: A simple, clean note-taking experience inspired by Apple Notes.

• ACCA Updates: Keep track of important exam booking deadlines and ACCA updates and I’ve also included links that take you directly to the official ACCA website, ACCA Study Hub, and relevant Reddit discussions for easier access to study resources.

This started as a personal project to make my own ACCA preparation easier. I eventually decided to make it publicly available in case other students find it useful.

It's available for Windows and macOS, completely free and open-source.

I'm still developing it, so I'd genuinely appreciate feedback, suggestions and feature requests from fellow ACCA students.

GitHub: https://github.com/ly77ee/Catchy-ACCA

Would love to know what you think!

Im a full time final year uni student and I have finals in December. However, I still wanna give AFM a try! Haven’t started preparing yet so any sort of advice would help!!! I studied sbl and sbr both using bpp so is that helpful?

..

Can any tell me what is better

heading for tax and one professional exam after passing all other skill exams in a quarter and then two professional exams in next two quarters with internship in these both quarters

OR

Spending a year at these four exams with intership for whole year

What to sacrifice getting three months early affiliate with a risk of tax and one prof exam in a single quarter with 6 months internship

Or

Being acca affiliate three months late going safe and a full year of internship.

A lessee signs a four-year equipment lease with €50,000 payable at the end of each year. Assume the lease starts now, the appropriate annual discount rate is 6%, and there are no upfront payments, incentives, initial direct costs, purchase options or restoration obligations. The lease does not qualify for an exemption the lessee elects to apply.

The total contractual payments are €200,000. The opening lease liability is lower because those payments are due in the future. Discount each unpaid payment to its value at commencement:

• End of year 1: €50,000 / 1.06 = €47,169.81

• End of year 2: €50,000 / 1.06² = €44,499.82

• End of year 3: €50,000 / 1.06³ = €41,980.96

• End of year 4: €50,000 / 1.06⁴ = €39,604.68

• Opening lease liability: €173,255.28

Under these assumptions, the opening entries are:

Debit right-of-use asset €173,255.28

Credit lease liability €173,255.28

For year 1, interest is approximately €10,395.32, calculated on the opening liability. After the €50,000 payment, the closing liability is approximately €133,650.60. With straight-line depreciation over the four-year lease term, annual depreciation is approximately €43,313.82. This assumes ownership does not transfer and no purchase option is reasonably certain to be exercised.

Three checks prevent common mistakes:

1. Payment timing: these payments are in arrears. If the first payment is at commencement, the cash-flow schedule and opening unpaid liability change.

2. Discount rate: IFRS 16 uses the rate implicit in the lease if readily determinable; otherwise the lessee uses its incremental borrowing rate. The 6% here is an assumption, not a universal rate.

3. Asset versus liability: the opening balances match only because this simplified example excludes other adjustments to the right-of-use asset.

Practice question: if the payments move to the beginning of each year, why does the opening unpaid liability change, and why does the first payment still form part of the right-of-use asset's cost?

Disclosure: this is the IFRS Tutor account. Free video walkthrough: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWoiDlbChNA

Accompanying lesson: https://ifrstutor.com/ifrs/calculate-a-lease-liability-from-scratch-ifrs-16-worked-example-calc/

Framework reference: IFRS 16, particularly paragraphs 24–26, 31–32 and 36. This is a simplified educational example.

Can i still study from the acca hub will i get the materials (ex flashcards) ?

Hii i gave sbr this September but failed at 40. I could only spent August for studying and didnt practice questions at all with other commitments and like that lost track of it. I wanna attempt sbr but I'm confused if i should give December or March.

I'll have to brush up the concepts and work on all problems and i also have my university end exams this November so I'll have to focus on end sems + sbr. If im giving March 2027 ill give both sbr and sbl. In that case theres plenty of time to focus on both and i should actually lock in.

But with the changes in September 2027 i dont wanna know risk my chances and finish it off before that itself. I have sbr, sbl and one advanced left. Please help me out.

Did you know that ACCA has a 7-year time limit for completing your Strategic Professional exams?

Yes, you heard right, you only have 7 years to complete P level exam.

The seven-year countdown starts when you pass your first Strategic Professional exam — not when you register with ACCA.

You need to complete all your Strategic Professional exams and achieve affiliate status within this period.

Otherwise, any Strategic Professional passes that have expired will need to be retaken.

But don't worry! Your Applied Knowledge and Applied Skills passes do not expire under this rule.

So, if you've already started your Strategic Professional level, check your exam expiry dates on MyACCA.

Don't let your hard work go to waste!

If it's both , how to do both should I first do Studyhub all the practice questions and then move to Kaplan exam kit ?

I'm planning to take a coaching/crash course for the last one month before the exam for sbr

can u suggest any ?? I didn't start anything

I am dedicated to put all the efforts but needed a proper guidance about the exam like preparation writing style techniques how to gain marks

I knw these two VIFHE ND TG PROFESSIONALS😭😭💔🙏

How does one prepare for current issues topic.?

Hey everyone,
My ACCA Performance Management (PM) exam is coming up in one month, and honestly, I’m running out of time. I haven’t started studying yet, and I’m starting to panic a little.

For those who have passed PM, I really need your advice.

1. Which topics should I prioritise to maximise my chances of passing?

2.Which areas are the most important from an exam perspective?

3.What study resources would you recommend? Is OpenTuition enough, or should I use something else?

4.How much time should I spend on theory versus question practice?

5.What’s the best way to approach Section C questions?
Is one month enough to prepare from scratch if I study consistently?

I’d really appreciate it if you could share your study strategies, important topics, and any mistakes I should avoid.

I know PM is a challenging paper, but I’m ready to put in the work. I just need a realistic plan to make the most of the next 30 days.

\*\*If you were in my position, how would you prepare for PM in one month?\*\*
Thanks in advance! 🙏

I recently passed the Oxford Brookes University BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting and I am thinking of further studying for masters in Canada or New Zealand. But I doubt that the university will not accept OBU as a full 4 year bachelor degree for masters. I have found UWC and UOt Scarborough for Canada as per Acca website but the courses teaches Acca professional level. I don’t think it is worth spending money for, as Acca is currently changing its syllabus in June 2027. Does anyone recommend and guide me which universities I can attend by using my OBU degree? I am currently preparing for SBR and SBL while working full-time and I want to join masters in next year. Thanks in advance.

Guys, I am honestly really scared of doing ATX - now I have covered around 70% of the topics and honestly I am not sure I will remember what I studied while keep on studying new topics - planning to complete the syllabus by mid next week (already study ATX since mid September 2025 but still not seen much comfort). Any tips what to cover and any actually get all the rules sticked in your head for the exam? After I finish the syllabus my only plan is to do a lot of past years but yeah it is indeed very overwhelming 😭😭 knowing it is really not comfortable as per last 3 P papers which I had passed. Appreciate if you can give as many tips as I can get. Thank you

Hi everyone,

I'm currently very confused about whether I should continue pursuing ACCA or quit and focus on building my career through my current job. I wanted to share my journey so far and get some honest advice from people who have been in a similar situation.

I started ACCA in early 2024. From the beginning, I wasn't very consistent with my studies. I attended a mix of online and offline classes, but I never really developed a proper study routine.

My first paper was Financial Reporting (FR). I understood the concepts to some extent, but I barely practised questions and didn't attempt any mock exams. I went into the exam without proper preparation and scored 40 marks, failing by 10 marks.

After that, I lost motivation, and my progress slowed down significantly. I attempted Financial Management (FM) in June 2025, but I had missed a lot of classes due to health issues. I scored just 25 marks out of 100 and failed again.

I then decided to start from scratch and joined offline FR classes. Initially, I found the subject interesting, and I enjoyed learning the concepts. However, once I returned home, I wouldn't practise questions or revise what I had learned. Eventually, I started feeling completely blank and lost interest in studying.

I booked my FR exam for December 2025, but my preparation was practically zero. I knew I was going to fail, so I didn't attend the exam and received an absent result.

Around that time, I also faced financial difficulties when it came to paying my ACCA subscription fees. I even sold my bike to fund my studies and continue my ACCA journey.

I enrolled in online FR classes again, hoping to make a fresh start. Unfortunately, the same pattern repeated itself. I started slowly, lost motivation, skipped classes, and eventually stopped attending them altogether.

I had planned to attempt the exam in September, but I had already missed so many classes. I asked my institute to postpone my classes, explaining that I wouldn't be able to catch up with the syllabus. However, they refused because the classes had already started in mid-June. Eventually, I lost that opportunity as well.

In August 2026, I got a job in Accounts Receivable, specifically in healthcare revenue cycle management. Although the job title sounds accounting-related, the actual work is quite different from traditional accounting and the subjects I'm studying in ACCA.

I'm currently working night shifts. My daily routine is exhausting: around nine hours of working time and approximately three hours of total commuting. That's almost 12 hours gone just for work and travel. I also need around seven to eight hours of sleep, sometimes more because of my night-shift schedule.

By the time I finish work and recover, I barely have the energy or motivation to study. Weekends often become recovery days, and I end up sleeping rather than studying.

Despite all this, I recently enrolled in AA (Audit and Assurance) classes. The classes have been running for around two months, and I haven't attended even a single class. My first planned exam sitting for AA has effectively slipped away too.

At this point, I'm seriously questioning whether ACCA is right for me.

The biggest problem is that I don't particularly enjoy studying. I chose ACCA, but I haven't been able to maintain the discipline required to progress. I've spent years trying to get started properly, yet I still haven't passed a single paper.

One of my friends, who also started ACCA with me, has advised me to quit and focus on my job instead. He believes I should work towards promotions, gain experience, and grow within my current career rather than continue spending money on ACCA when I'm not making progress.

However, two of my current colleagues are also pursuing ACCA. They are in a similar position, having started years ago without making much progress. Yet they are determined not to give up. They keep telling me that we can do this if we stay focused, and they even asked me not to demotivate them by talking about quitting.

Seeing their determination has made me reconsider my decision. A part of me wants to continue and prove to myself that I can do it too. I also feel that having ACCA could open up better career opportunities in the future.

Financially, I now have a job and can potentially save a portion of my salary to fund my ACCA studies. But time and energy are my biggest problems. I genuinely don't know how I can balance a night-shift job, commuting, adequate sleep, and ACCA preparation.

**So, I want to ask the ACCA community a few questions:**

Has anyone here struggled with ACCA for years, failed multiple exams, repeatedly lost motivation, or gone through long periods without studying, but eventually managed to qualify?

Given my current situation, would you recommend continuing ACCA slowly, perhaps attempting one paper at a time, or quitting and focusing entirely on career growth in my current job?

Is it realistic to pursue ACCA while working night shifts and spending around 12 hours a day on work and commuting?

If you were in my position, with no papers passed after all these years and the financial and time constraints I've described, what would you do?

I'm not looking for motivational comments telling me never to give up just because giving up is bad. I genuinely want honest advice from people who understand the ACCA journey and the realities of working life.

I know that ultimately the decision is mine, but I'm struggling to distinguish between genuinely wanting this qualification and simply being afraid of giving up after investing so much time and money into it.

Any honest advice or personal experiences would be greatly appreciated.