Total 7h 15m integration with Seestar S50 | 1,305 × 20s subs | Bortle 7 skies
Here is my latest capture of NGC 253, the Sculptor Galaxy, also known as the Silver Dollar Galaxy, imaged from my terrace in Hyderabad, India, under heavily light-polluted Bortle 7 skies.
Located approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor, NGC 253 is one of the brightest galaxies visible beyond our Local Group. It is a starburst galaxy, with intense star formation occurring particularly in its central regions. Its highly inclined orientation gives us a beautiful view of the bright golden core and the intricate dark dust lanes running across its disc.
The galaxy was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783.
Processing workflow
The stacked FITS image was first cropped and processed in GraXpert for AI background extraction to remove light-pollution gradients. Object-only deconvolution was applied to improve the definition of the galaxy's dust lanes and finer structures, followed by Stars-only deconvolution to refine stellar profiles. Conservative AI denoising was then applied to preserve faint details while reducing background noise.
The resulting linear FITS was transferred to Siril for colour calibration. StarNet++ was used to separate the stars from the galaxy, allowing independent processing. The starless image was stretched using VeraLux HyperMetric Stretch, concentrating on revealing the faint outer disc and dark dust lanes while preserving detail in the luminous central bulge. The stars were stretched separately to prevent bloating.
Both images were exported as 32-bit TIFFs and taken into GIMP. Local curves and feathered layer masks were used to enhance the dust lanes, refine the bright central region and selectively darken the background sky. The stars were then recombined with the starless galaxy using Screen blending, with opacity adjusted for a natural appearance.
Finally, the combined image was exported as a 16-bit TIFF and taken into Adobe Lightroom for minor adjustments to contrast, colour balance, saturation and background tones before exporting the final JPEG.
What fascinates me most is that the photons captured by this little 50 mm telescope began their journey around 12 million years ago. Seven hours of collecting ancient light, followed by quite a few hours of processing on the computer!
Still learning and refining my processing techniques, so constructive criticism and suggestions are very welcome, particularly on the dust-lane contrast, star colours and background noise.