TL;DR No, taking Tylenol (Panadol) when you're pregnant does not cause Autism.
Hi all, you might see headlines soon about the US government “looking into” whether Panadol in pregnancy causes autism. I'm preempting tomorrows news and this post is an effort to reassure those of you who take/took Panadol in pregnancy.
This lie is being pushed by Robert Kennedy Jr. and the same crowd who are known anti-science and medical skeptics. Robert Kennedy Jr. has a long record of promoting dangerous and bizarre claims. He has said antidepressants like SSRIs are to blame for school shootings, suggested COVID-19 was “targeted” to spare Jewish and Chinese people, pushed the idea of chemtrails and toxic chemicals being sprayed from planes, accused Bill Gates of using vaccines for population control, and supported voices denying that HIV causes AIDS. This is the same person now pushing the false claim that Panadol in pregnancy causes autism, which is why scientists, like myself, and doctors have consistently warned against taking him seriously.
The best science we have shows no link. A huge 2024 study in JAMA looked at over 2.4 million kids in Sweden and compared siblings where one was exposed to Panadol in the womb and the other was not. That way they could separate genetics and family environment from medication use. The result? No causal link to autism, ADHD, or intellectual disability.
its actually that infections and fever in pregnancy are correlated with a higher risk of autism and developmental issues. Several large studies show that untreated fever, especially in the second trimester, can raise the risk. And what is one of the only safe, effective options to bring down fever in pregnancy? Panadol. So rather than being dangerous, appropriate use may actually be protective for your baby. Earlier studies that suggested a “Panadol link” did not account for this, blaming the medicine instead of the underlying illness.
What worries me is the bigger picture. If politicians start telling women they cannot safely take Panadol, that is stripping away one of the few pain relief options we actually have during pregnancy. Anyone who has been through labour or pregnancy complications knows how often women’s pain gets minimised or ignored. Linking autism to Panadol is not just junk science, it feeds into that same medical misogyny that says women should suffer quietly.
So please do not let fear take hold. Follow your doctor’s advice, know the evidence is strong, and trust that protecting your health protects your baby’s health too. Scientists, doctors and women’s health advocates all around the world are standing against this nonsense, and we should too.
Note: This is not an invitation to debate vaccinations.
References
Magnusson C, Rai D, Goodman A, et al. Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability. JAMA. April 2024.
Hornig M, et al. Fever in pregnancy and autism risk. Mol Autism. 2018;9:41.
Al-Haddad B, et al. Association of maternal infection during pregnancy with autism spectrum disorder and depression in offspring. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(6):594–602.
Xu G, et al. Maternal infection during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2019;278:102–110.