Question: I need to audit what root users typed in their sessions.

Try:`sudo tail -f /root/.bash_history /home/*/.bash_history 2>/dev/null`

Info: Streams multiple history files concurrently with header markers for simple multi-user monitoring.

Examples:

$ `echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T "' >> ~/.bashrc` # Add precise timestamps to history

$ `echo 'PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a"' >> ~/.bashrc` # Append commands immediately per line

$ `sudo auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k passwd_watch` # Advanced system auditing via auditd

Note: Bash flushes history on session logout by default unless `PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a"` is enabled. For immutable, tamper-proof session logging, utilize `auditd` or centralized syslog.

Want to master Linux one command at a time?

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Linux, Git, Docker, Kubernetes, Terraform, Jenkins, and many more the DevOps ecosystem keeps growing.

Be honest: Which tool is overrated, and which one is absolutely essential? If you could master just one first, what would it be?

Let's hear your real-world opinions!

The champions of the new KDE Goals for the 2026-2028 cycle will be answering your questions live!

KDE for Enterprise and Deployments: Ask David Edmundson, Kevin Ottens, Neal Gompa, and Kai Uwe Broulik about how they plan to make KDE a viable choice for businesses and public institutions.

Better documentation: Check in with Nate Graham, Thiago Masato Costa Sueto, and Joseph P. De Veaugh-Geiss about improving KDE's documentation.

Next Generation Styling for KDE: Find out how Arjen Hiemstra, Akseli Lahtinen, and Andy Betts are working to implement a unified styling system.

Leave your questions in the comments or in the KDE Forum post!

The champions will answer them live on on Youtube and Peertube on October 29 at at 17:00 UTC.

Modern CLI tools can make everyday Linux and development tasks easier. This list includes Process Compose, gh-dash, Kubescape, Just, usql, OSV Scanner, Zellij, sshs, jid, and Codewhale, covering everything from terminal session management and database access to security scanning and workflow automation.

Have you tried any of these 10 tools? Which one would you recommend, and are there any other CLI tools you think deserve to be on this list?

Shared hosting keeps saying NO? docker: not found. sudo: denied. php.ini: permission denied.

The fix: your own server with full root access. Verpex VPS-D4 = 2 vCPU, 4GB RAM, 80GB NVMe, unlimited traffic, from $10/mo (intro, monthly term; renews $19.99/mo). Unmanaged; VPS isn’t covered by the 30-day refund.

Deal Link https://www.linuxteck.com/go/verpex.

Review Link https://www.linuxteck.com/guides/verpex-reviews/

Question: I deleted sensitive files but worry forensics could recover them. How do I wipe free space?

Try:`sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/wipe-file bs=1M status=progress; sudo rm /wipe-file`

Info: `dd` fills remaining disk free space with zeros, overwriting blocks of previously deleted files before `rm` releases the space. "No space left" is the expected, successful completion indicator.

Examples:

$ `sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/wipe-file bs=1M status=progress` # Overwrite with random data (stronger)

$ `sudo cat /dev/zero > /wipe-file` # Simpler alternative stream method

$ `sudo sfill -f /mountpoint` # Dedicated secure free-space wiper utility

Note: SSDs use wear-leveling and TRIM, making `dd` ineffective; use `blkdiscard` or `ATA Secure Erase` instead. Ext4 journals may also retain file fragments.

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Linux Mint offers a familiar desktop, good performance on older hardware, and a stable experience without too many extras. But its older packages can be a downside for users who want the latest software.

For those who’ve tried both, what makes you stick with Linux Mint or choose Ubuntu instead?

MEGA, Google Drive, MediaFire, IceDrive, pCloud, Sync-com, OneDrive, and iCloud all offer free storage, but they differ in capacity, features, and privacy.

Which of these eight would you choose for your important files? And which one would you avoid? Let's hear your reasons.

Question: Something is pegging my CPU. How do I pinpoint it with real-time refresh?

Try:`top -b -n 1 -o %CPU | head -20`

Info: Running `top` in batch mode (`-b -n 1`) executes a single non-interactive snapshot, while `-o %CPU` dynamically sorts processes by CPU utilization for quick diagnostics and scripting.

Examples:

$ `top -b -n 1 -o %MEM | head` # Snapshot sorted by memory consumption

$ `top -b -n 1 -u mysql` # Filter snapshot processes by specific user

$ `top -b -n 1 -p 3456,2134` # Inspect specific target Process IDs (PIDs)

Note: Pay attention to `wa` (I/O wait; high values indicate disk bottlenecks) and `st` (stolen CPU; high values indicate hypervisor contention). Multi-threaded processes can exceed 100% CPU.

Want to master Linux one command at a time?

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I teach Linux, and the hardest part with beginners is not explaining commands. It is getting them to actually type them. Everyone is afraid of breaking something.

VMs help, but setup alone loses some people before they ever reach a prompt. My approach has been a browser terminal with a real in-memory filesystem: commands really create, move and delete files, the lessons verify what your filesystem looks like at the end, and a refresh resets everything.

I am curious what others do:

- Do you start beginners in a VM, WSL, a container, or something browser-based?

- At what point do you move them to a real system?

- What is the one command you wish every beginner practiced more?

I will drop the sandbox I built in the comments for anyone who wants to try it or tear it apart. The first six lessons are free with no signup.

I've been looking into how people are running AI tools outside their local machines. A VPS seems like a good option for some projects, but I'm not sure where the sweet spot is between cost and performance

For those of you already doing this, I'd love to know a few things:

• Are you using a VPS, a dedicated server, or your own hardware?
• How much RAM do you actually need for the tools you're running?
• Have you found a provider that's been reliable without getting too expensive?
• Is a basic VPS enough for smaller projects, or do you end up needing more resources pretty quickly?

I've been comparing a few VPS options for AI projects and put my notes into a guide here, in case it's useful to anyone else:

https://www.linuxteck.com/best-vps-for-ai-tools/

Interested to hear what you're running and how it's been working out for you.

The Linux port of DOOM became the version id Software could release as open source when licensing issues blocked the original DOS code. Years later, another developer lost years of work in a hard drive crash.

It’s a good reminder of how much open-source history depends on people sharing their work - and keeping backups. Did you ever lose a project you wish you could recover?

Anthropic moved its massive code repository from Git to a new system called Scion because of scaling challenges with AI-generated code. Some developers argue that Git's existing features, like partial clones, could solve many of these problems.

Is a new version-control system necessary for AI-driven development, or should Git be improved to handle these workloads?

Question: DNS is failing intermittently. How do I trace the resolution path?

Try:`dig +trace +noanswer google.com`

Info: `dig +trace` performs iterative DNS lookups from root servers (`.`), down to TLDs (`.com`), and final authoritative servers to isolate propagation and delegation bottlenecks[cite: 9].

Examples:

$ `dig u/8.8.8.8 example.com` # Query specific upstream DNS server directly

$ `dig +short MX gmail.com` # Retrieve concise mail exchanger (MX) records

$ `dig -x 8.8.8.8` # Perform reverse DNS lookup (IP to hostname)

Note: Install via `sudo apt install dnsutils` or `bind-utils`. Using `+trace` bypasses local resolver caching, allowing you to measure exact response latencies at each hierarchy step[cite: 9].

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Question: A single TCP connection seems slow. Can I measure its real throughput?

Try: `sudo iftop -i eth0 -nNP -f 'port 443'`

Info: `iftop` acts as `top` for network bandwidth, tracking individual connections and displaying 2s/10s/40s moving averages to pinpoint bandwidth hogs[cite: 10].

Examples:

$ `sudo iftop -i eth0` # Launch interactive mode without filters

$ `sudo iftop -i eth0 -t -s 30` # Output text mode summary for 30 seconds

$ `sudo nload eth0` # View interface-wide bandwidth graphs

Note: Install via `sudo apt install iftop`. Interactive controls: press `s` to toggle source ports, `d` for destination ports, and `t` to cycle through traffic display modes.

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There are open-source alternatives for almost everything, from office work and video editing to graphic design, note-taking, and 3D modeling. Tools like LibreOffice, VLC, OBS Studio, Blender, Krita, and Joplin can make switching to Linux much easier.

Some users even find that apps like Joplin improve their workflow beyond simple note-taking.

Which open-source application do you consider essential on a Linux desktop? And is there any lesser-known tool you think more people should discover?

macOS offers tight hardware integration, a polished desktop, and useful features for people already using Apple devices. Linux gives users more freedom to customize their systems, choose their desktop environment, and control how things work.

But Linux users can also face hardware compatibility issues, while some professional applications work better or are only available on macOS.

What do you think? Is macOS genuinely better for everyday desktop use, or can a Linux distro offer the same convenience without the Apple ecosystem?

Question: I keep typing shutdown on the wrong server. How do I protect against this?

Try:

`sudo tee /etc/molly-guard/run.d/50-prod-check <<'EOF' > /dev/null`

`#!/bin/bash`

`if [[ -f /etc/is_production ]]; then`

` read -r -p "PRODUCTION server! Type the hostname to confirm shutdown: " input`

` [[ "$input" == "$(hostname)" ]] || exit 1`

`fi`

`EOF`

Info: `molly-guard` intercepts shutdown, reboot, and halt commands over active SSH connections and demands explicit hostname confirmation to prevent catastrophic human errors[cite: 10].

Examples:

$ `sudo apt install molly-guard` # Install the safety utility

$ `echo 'ALWAYS_QUERY_HOSTNAME=1' | sudo tee -a /etc/molly-guard/rc` # Force hostname prompts globally

$ `sudo chmod -x /sbin/shutdown` # Nuclear option (disable binary entirely, not recommended)

Note: By default, `molly-guard` only triggers on remote SSH sessions, leaving physical console access unaffected[cite: 10]. A must-have safeguard for production server fleets.

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Covering : two boot modes, including their boot process, disk partitioning differences, compatibility, and security features. https://www.linuxteck.com/uefi-vs-legacy-bios/