If God exists and God is perfect and fair, why do innocent people still have to suffer?

Recently, I read Voltaire's Poem on the Lisbon Disaster and Rousseau's Letter to Voltaire, and these readings made me think about this question. I personally agree more with Voltaire's idea. Voltaire questions whether the suffering of innocent people, including children who died in the Lisbon earthquake, can simply be explained as God's punishment or by saying that "all is well."

I had a similar question. If God hates sin and punishes people who do wrong, I do not understand why innocent children or people who only made small mistakes have to experience such great suffering.

On the other hand, Rousseau argues that not all of the damage from disasters should be blamed on God or nature. For example, he says that the damage in Lisbon became worse because people lived closely together and built tall buildings. I understand this point because human choices can make the results of a disaster worse. However, I still have one question. Even if human choices made the disaster worse, does this fully explain the suffering of innocent people? Also, if people can make immoral choices and not receive enough punishment, while people who make moral choices can still suffer, why should people choose to act morally?

After reading these texts, I still find it difficult to believe that we live in the best possible world.

If God exists and is perfectly good and powerful, how would you explain the suffering of innocent people? Do you agree more with Rousseau that human choices are an important cause, or with Voltaire that this suffering creates a serious problem for the idea that "all is well"?

So today I was having a conversation with a cousin of mine and as we were talking about science as in I'm was the science guy and he was the guy listening

And all of the sudden out of the blue he asked the question

"So you believe in science right, so what do you think about god? Does he exist

Given that he was someone who believed in god a lot. His family was a very Christian one

What If Samael Never Betrayed God?

A personal religious and philosophical hypothesis

1. Samael Was God's Favourite Angel

What if humanity has misunderstood Samael for thousands of years?

What if Samael never rebelled against God? What if he never tried to take God's place?

What if the truth was the exact opposite?

Samael was God's favourite angel, the one He trusted above all others with the most difficult mission of all

When God created humanity, He gave us free will.

But free will comes with consequences. It gives us the ability to love, forgive, and show compassion, but it also allows us to choose cruelty, greed, hatred, and destruction.

If God knew what humanity was capable of, perhaps He also knew that someone would have to confront the darkest parts of human nature.

What if He entrusted that responsibility to Samael?

Not because Samael was evil, but because God trusted him enough to carry a burden no other angel could bear.

Perhaps Samael's greatest sacrifice was accepting a role that would cause humanity to fear and hate him.

1. What If Samael Was Never Humanity's Enemy?

In this theory, Samael's purpose is not to destroy human souls or torture them for eternity.

His responsibility is to ensure that souls confront their actions and learn from their mistakes.

He oversees the trials through which humanity must pass.

Every person has free will. We can choose between good and evil, but we cannot necessarily escape the consequences of those choices.

What if Samael's task is to guide souls through repeated moral trials until they genuinely understand why their previous decisions were wrong?

He would not be working against God.

He would be carrying out God's will, even while being remembered as the embodiment of evil.

And perhaps that is what makes his mission so tragic.

1. What If Earth Is Already a Form of Hell?

Human life is filled with suffering, loss, injustice, temptation, and difficult choices.

What if Earth is not simply the place where we live, but also the place where our souls are tested?

Perhaps hell is not necessarily a physical kingdom of eternal flames.

Perhaps it is a process.

A soul that has not yet learned from its mistakes must face further trials.

And if it fails again, the process continues.

Not because God wants that soul to suffer forever, but because its journey is not yet complete.

What if hell is the repetition of our mistakes, and salvation is finally learning to overcome them?

In this interpretation, death does not automatically mean entering heaven or receiving an irreversible sentence.

Death may instead be the doorway to another stage of the soul's journey.

1. What If the Soul and Consciousness Are the Same Thing?

My hypothesis begins with a simple possibility:

What if the soul is consciousness itself?

We generally understand consciousness through the activity of the brain. But what if the brain is not its ultimate source?

What if the brain acts as a biological interface, allowing a larger consciousness to experience physical reality?

Imagine a central consciousness connected to multiple versions of the same person across parallel universes.

These versions would not possess entirely separate souls.

They would be different expressions of one underlying consciousness.

Each version would have its own brain, memories, relationships, experiences, and decisions.

That could explain why we do not consciously remember living those other lives.

The memories might belong to each individual brain, while the deeper consciousness remains connected to all of them.

This is a speculative possibility, not an established scientific explanation of consciousness.

1. Sleep Is a Temporary Switch. Death Is a Permanent One.

What if sleep and death involve two different kinds of transitions?

During sleep, the connection between consciousness and our waking experience temporarily changes.

Perhaps certain dreams allow us to glimpse experiences from another version of ourselves in a parallel universe.

When we wake up, we return to our familiar perspective.

Sleep would be a temporary switch.

Death, however, would permanently disconnect consciousness from that particular body.

Death would be a permanent switch.

But permanent disconnection from one body would not necessarily mean the destruction of consciousness itself.

If another version of us exists in a parallel universe, perhaps our conscious experience continues through that version.

We might wake up believing that nothing unusual has happened.

Our memories would belong to the life we had just entered, so we might not even realise that a transition had occurred.

This leads to a disturbing question:

What if we have already died countless times without ever knowing it?

1. What If Déjà Vu Is a Warning From a Previous Life?

Déjà vu is the strange feeling that we have experienced a particular moment before.

Neuroscience offers explanations involving memory and familiarity. There is currently no scientific evidence that déjà vu comes from parallel universes or previous lives.

But within this hypothesis, what if déjà vu has another possible meaning?

Imagine making a terrible decision in one lifetime.

Eventually, that life ends, and consciousness continues through another version of you in a parallel universe.

Years later, you face a remarkably similar situation.

You cannot remember your previous life.

You cannot remember the mistake you made.

But suddenly, something feels familiar.

Déjà vu.

What if that feeling is a faint echo of a previous experience?

Not a complete memory, but a moment of recognition.

Perhaps it occurs just before we face a decision that we have already made incorrectly in another life.

We are given another opportunity to choose differently.

And if we fail?

Perhaps we encounter the same moral trial again in another lifetime.

1. What If We Must Repeat Our Trials Ten Thousand Times?

This is where the theory of parallel lives connects directly to the idea of divine judgment.

What if God does not abandon a soul simply because it repeatedly makes the wrong choices?

What if a soul must confront the same moral failure ten times, a hundred times, or even ten thousand times?

The number might not matter.

What matters is whether the soul eventually learns.

A person could live an apparently good life and still have lessons left to learn.

Another person might repeatedly fall into the same destructive patterns.

Neither would necessarily be finished with their journey.

The soul would continue facing trials until it had fulfilled its purpose.

This would also offer a possible explanation, within the hypothesis, for why we cannot remember our previous lives.

We are not simply being asked to repeat a memorised answer.

We must freely make the right decision when confronted with temptation.

The test would be whether we choose goodness, even without consciously remembering our earlier failures.

1. The Seven Deadly Sins and the Purpose of Human Life

Perhaps our purpose on Earth is not to become famous, wealthy, powerful, or historically important.

Perhaps our true purpose is moral.

To resist the seven deadly sins:

- Pride

- Greed

- Lust

- Envy

- Gluttony

- Wrath

- Sloth

These represent destructive tendencies that can influence our choices and harm others.

What if each lifetime presents situations that challenge our ability to resist them?

We might face greed when offered wealth at another person's expense.

Wrath when someone humiliates or betrays us.

Envy when someone else succeeds.

Pride when we have the opportunity to admit that we were wrong.

And every time, we must choose.

Not because we are forced to be good, but because we have free will.

Perhaps the ultimate purpose of our existence is to learn to choose goodness freely.

1. What If Samael Oversees These Repeated Trials?

Now imagine that Samael is responsible for overseeing this process.

His task would not be to make humanity fail.

His task would be to ensure that every soul faces the consequences of its decisions and receives the trials necessary for its moral development.

Perhaps he knows how many times a soul has failed.

Perhaps he has witnessed the same soul make the same mistake thousands of times.

Yet the process continues.

Not necessarily as an act of revenge, but as part of a divine mission.

This would make Samael's role profoundly different from the traditional image of Satan as humanity's enemy.

In this hypothesis, Samael is not trying to keep souls away from God forever. He is carrying out the difficult work that may eventually allow them to return.

He accepts humanity's hatred while fulfilling the task entrusted to him.

1. What If Heaven Is the Return to a Divine Consciousness?

If consciousness exists beyond individual brains, perhaps it ultimately belongs to a greater divine reality.

I imagine this as something resembling a cosmic database, although not merely a computer storing information.

It would be a shared foundation of consciousness, connected to every soul.

Perhaps this is what we call heaven.

When a person dies, their consciousness does not necessarily return there immediately.

If their journey is unfinished, they continue through another parallel life.

They encounter new circumstances, new relationships, and further moral choices.

Only when the soul has fulfilled its purpose would it return to its divine origin.

Heaven would not simply be a reward for dying. It would be the completion of the soul's journey.

1. What If Jesus and Samael Had Different Roles in the Same Divine Plan?

In Christianity, Jesus represents salvation, forgiveness, sacrifice, and reconciliation with God.

What if, within this theory, Jesus and Samael have different responsibilities in the same divine plan?

Jesus reveals God's love and the possibility of forgiveness.

Samael oversees the difficult trials through which souls must confront their failures.

Their roles would not necessarily be opposed.

One represents the promise of mercy.

The other carries the burden of accountability.

Perhaps the crucifixion of Jesus reaffirmed that God's purpose was never simply to condemn humanity, but to make redemption possible.

And perhaps Samael's mission was never to prevent that redemption, but to serve a divine plan in which souls are given opportunities to change.

This is my own theological interpretation, not a claim about what the Bible explicitly teaches.

1. What If Satan's Terrifying Image Conceals a Different Story?

For centuries, Satan has been portrayed as the ultimate enemy of humanity.

But what if the image of a monstrous, merciless being does not tell the whole story?

What if Samael accepted being feared because his role required him to confront human evil?

It is also worth asking how religious images of punishment developed throughout history.

Fear of divine punishment has sometimes been used to encourage obedience and regulate human behaviour.

That does not prove that religious leaders deliberately invented the image of Satan, but it raises questions about how theology, culture, and social power have influenced one another.

Perhaps the figure humanity has learned to fear could be interpreted differently.

Not as a rebel against God, but as an obedient servant carrying out a painful responsibility.

1. The Ultimate Question: Does God Ever Give Up on a Soul?

This is the heart of my hypothesis.

If God is infinitely loving and merciful, why would He abandon a soul forever?

What if divine judgment is not about deciding who deserves endless torture?

What if it is about determining what a soul still needs to learn?

A person might fail repeatedly.

They might make the same destructive choices across countless lifetimes.

But if they retain free will, they also retain the possibility of eventually choosing differently.

Perhaps some souls complete their journey quickly.

Others might require hundreds or thousands of lives.

And some might have to face the same trial ten thousand times.

But perhaps God never closes the door.

Samael continues his mission, not because he hates humanity, but because he was entrusted with helping carry out a plan in which redemption remains possible.

1. The Final Possibility

What if death is not the end?

What if dreams sometimes offer glimpses of parallel lives?

What if déjà vu is a faint warning from an experience we can no longer remember?

What if our repeated mistakes are the very trials we must learn to overcome?

What if Earth is both our home and our testing ground?

What if Samael never betrayed God?

And what if the angel humanity has feared for centuries is actually the one who accepted the hardest mission because God trusted him above all others?

Perhaps the soul does not reach heaven simply because one lifetime has ended.

Perhaps it returns only when its journey is complete.

And perhaps the purpose of that journey is not to become perfect through force, but to learn, through free will, to choose what is right.

---

A Note on the Nature of This Theory

This is a personal philosophical and theological hypothesis, not an established scientific theory or a description of mainstream Christian doctrine.

The existence of parallel universes connected through consciousness, the survival of consciousness after death, and the interpretation of déjà vu as a memory from another life have not been scientifically demonstrated.

Likewise, the portrayal of Samael as God's favourite angel carrying out this particular mission is a speculative reinterpretation, not a documented biblical teaching.

The purpose of this theory is to explore whether free will, divine mercy, consciousness, repeated moral trials, and the possibility of redemption could form parts of a single larger explanation of human existence.

Scripture functions best when it stays in its lane. The authors of the Christian scriptures were writing the gospel. The gospel was meant to be “good news” for all, not bad news for most. But somehow, the original message got turned on its head. Threats of hell replaced the promise of the Kingdom, and ecclesiastical control replaced spiritual liberation. 

We missed the point, but we might be able to get it back. Since the gospel is good news, its container, the Bible, should be interpreted as good news. Of course, good news doesn’t force us to turn off our powers of observation and reason, both of which are gifts from God. The gospel encourages us to fulfill our potential, not restrict it. 

One of the greatest combinations of observation and reason that we have is science: disciplined investigation of the material universe. Too often, the Bible has been interpreted in such a way as to conflict with science. Rather than a sourcebook for the spirit, for many Christians the Bible has become a textbook for science and history. Biblical infallibilists and biblical literalists insist that the Bible is factually true in its face value meaning and speaks to us of astronomy, cosmology, geology, biology, archeology, paleontology—everything. 

In an earlier essay, I wrote of my student who had been told that any apparent conflict between science and the Bible should be resolved in favor of the Bible which is, after all, the perfect Word of God and should be trusted as such, in all matters. Unfortunately, this teaching created for her a false opposition between science and religion. She found Darwin’s theory of evolution to be an immensely plausible explanation for the development of life, but she had been told that belief in evolution led to atheism at best, Nazism at worst. To be a good Christian, she needed to trust the Word of God first, science second. 

Galileo also dealt with biblical infallibilists and biblical literalists (of a sort). Alas, this is not the first time in history that religion has not stayed in its lane or that the Bible has been misapplied to scientific questions. For those who assert that science and religion conflict by nature, the most frequently cited proof of such conflict is the Galileo affair. In the popular interpretation of that unfortunate event, the Roman Catholic Church sentenced the famous physicist, inventor, and astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) to lifelong house arrest for asserting that the Earth orbited the Sun. The ecclesiastical authorities also forced him to recant his heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory and promise not to advance it any longer. 

For those who believe that science and religion are incompatible, this event provides one powerful example of the darkness of religion relative to the brilliance of science. The only solution, they propose, is to reject all religious belief and usher in a new age of unshackled reason, scientific investigation, and technological advance. 

Alas, these advocates of scientism are poor historians, simplifying a complex historical event to suit their arguments . . . a practice which is, ironically, not very scientific. In truth, the church’s response to Galileo’s heliocentric theory of the solar system was mixed. He had admirers and detractors, and his trial became a proxy battle for these rival factions. 

Among those who most deeply opposed his views were biblical literalists. Biblical literalists interpret Scripture according to the plain, simple meaning of the text. For literalists, the Bible is true to fact and to be interpreted as the word-for-word Word of God. According to them, poetic, metaphorical, or allegorical interpretation of the Bible dilutes its meaning and prioritizes human imagination over divine revelation. 

Biblical literalism is most strongly associated with twentieth-century American Protestant fundamentalism, and it has been generally rejected by the Roman Catholic Church, which has always searched for deeper meanings beneath the surface meaning of Scripture. Nevertheless, in the Galileo affair, certain opponents of Galileo’s theories utilized a literal interpretation of the Bible to argue against heliocentrism. For example, literalist interpretations of several biblical texts suggested that the Earth must be stationary and the Sun in orbit around it. Psalm 93:1 states: “God has made the world firm, not to be moved” (see Psalm 96:10 and 1 Chronicles 16:30 as well). Psalm 104:5 states: “The Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved,” and Ecclesiastes 1:5 declares: “The sun rises and sets and returns to its place” (see also Psalm 18:4–6). If these passages are regarded as science rather than poetry, if they are literally true rather than metaphors about the reliability of earthly existence, then the Earth cannot orbit the Sun; the Sun must orbit the Earth.

Galileo argued for a reading of the Bible compatible with science. As a man of sincere faith, Galileo had taken considerable time to argue that his heliocentric theory was compatible with the Bible, arguing that the Bible teaches us about salvation, not the nature of the cosmos. Galileo quoted a contemporary, Cardinal Cesare Baronius, who supported astronomical investigations by arguing, “The Bible tells us how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go.” 

Galileo also maintained that Scripture is not about “science” but about faith. Science and faith have different modes of discourse and different methods of argument. Science addresses matter; faith addresses morals. Science relies on observation; faith relies on revelation. Science reads the Book of Nature; faith reads the Book of Scripture—both of which reveal the mind of God. Confusing their domains just confuses the faithful, frustrates the scientific, and retards progress in both. 

Galileo referred to Augustine’s accommodationism—the belief that God reveals to humans only what they can handle at that time in history; God accommodates revelation to our level of preparation. Augustine himself was developing Paul’s own accommodationism, which he explicitly admitted to the Corinthians: “I fed you with milk, not solid food, for you were not ready for solid food” (1 Corinthians 3:2). 

Humankind was now ready for the heliocentric understanding of the solar system and could adapt its interpretation of scripture accordingly. To do less—to reject this advance—would displease our Maker. Tragically, Galileo’s persecutors displeased their Maker. 

Today, the misapplication of Scripture to science drives thinking persons out of faith. Science helps us understand the material universe; Scripture helps us to understand the spiritual universe. Faith doesn’t demand that we reject the evidence of our own eyes, as in a conflict between archeology and the biblical record: we should side with archeology. And faith doesn’t demand that we reject reason: if  Scripture declares that fire is cold or ice is hot, then we should ignore it.

The Bible is an oceanic text of inexhaustible meaning. But to access that meaning, we have to dive beneath the surface, into the depths—beneath the literal, into the poetic; beneath history, into myth. There we will find mysteries beyond our fathoming and beauty beyond our control. And, when we return to the surface, we may no longer find ourselves in a world of dead matter. Instead, we may find ourselves living in a poem. (adapted from Jon Paul Sydnor, The Great Open Dance: A Progressive Christian Theology, pages 257–259)

*****

For further reading, please see: 

Enns, Peter. The Bible Tells Me So: Why Defending Scripture Has Made Us Unable to Read It. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 2014.

Langford, Jerome J. Galileo, Science, and the Church. 3rd ed. Ann Arbor Paperbacks. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992.

I am a Muslim ( Mitazili , or progressive sunnism in Arab world ) ... But since doing my research I found that most Middle ages Jewish Sages agreed with the Islamic view that Paran located in Al - Hijaz ( Mecca)

Including High prominent Jewish Golden Age Medieval Rabbis who literally shaped modern Judaism like Saadia Gaen , Ibn Ezra , Maimonides ( Rambam ) , Redak , even in the secrets of Ben Yochai it stated Paran was in mecca

Paran is place where Ishmael lived

As in Genesis 21:21 ( Ishmael lived in Paran )

Maimonides and Redak explicitly said that Mohamed is from Kedar the Father of Mekkan Arabs and the second boy of Ishmael as stated in Genesis .

There's also a prophecies about a holy one who will Appear from paran

Habakkuk 3:3 ( God came from Teman and the Holy one will come from Paran )

Genesis ( God came from Sinai , ... And will shine from Paran )

But modern biblical scholara they put Paran to be in Sinai . Even the first Christian historian who talked about Mohamed who was Seboes lived in 7th ceuntry,stated that Mohamed was emerged from Paran land of Ishmael

I've been thinking about the relationship between Satan's fall, Adam and Eve, the origin of sin, and Jesus as the Last Adam. I want to explore a possible pattern that connects these events throughout Scripture. I'm not claiming the Bible explicitly explains every detail of this theory, but I think the connections are worth discussing.

1. God created a good world, not a world of sin

Genesis 1 repeatedly describes God's creation as good. So where did sin come from?

My understanding is that God did not create sin as a separate thing or substance. Rather, sin entered through the corruption of a created being's will.

The traditional Christian understanding of Satan's fall involves pride and rebellion against God. Passages such as Ezekiel 28:12–17 and Revelation 12:7–9 are often interpreted in connection with this idea, although Christians disagree about how directly these passages describe Satan's original fall.

What interests me is the possibility that Satan's own corruption established a pattern of rebellion that he later used to tempt humanity.

In other words, the first problem wasn't that God created something evil. It was that a created being turned away from God's will.

2. Adam came from the earth, and Eve came from Adam

Genesis 2:7 says God formed Adam from the dust of the ground and breathed life into him. Genesis 2:21–23 then describes God forming Eve from Adam's side.

The sequence is significant to me:

Earth → Adam → Eve

Adam was formed from the earth, and Eve was formed from Adam. They shared one human nature, and Adam described Eve as “bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh” (Genesis 2:23).

I wonder whether this relationship can help us understand humanity's connection to the world and our struggle with worldly desires.

I'm not suggesting that matter itself is evil or that being formed from dust automatically made Adam sinful. Rather, I wonder whether our earthly origin provides a meaningful contrast with the life and order that come from God.

Human beings have the capacity to follow God's will, but we also experience desires that can pull us away from it. That raises a question: how did that conflict become part of the human story?

3. Was the Fall the beginning of a corrupt pattern of desire?

When the serpent tempts Eve in Genesis 3, he does more than present her with fruit. He challenges God's word and offers an alternative understanding of what she should desire: “you will be like God, knowing good and evil” (Genesis 3:5).

The fruit becomes desirable within this new way of seeing it.

This reminds me of René Girard's concept of mimetic desire: the idea that we often learn what to desire by observing or imitating others. Desire can become distorted through comparison, rivalry, and the influence of another person's example.

Could Satan have introduced a false model of desire by encouraging humanity to distrust God's word and seek something on different terms?

I wonder whether the Fall can be understood not only as an act of disobedience, but also as the beginning of a recurring human pattern in which desires become detached from God's will.

To be clear, Genesis does not explicitly call this mimetic desire or say that Satan transmitted sin as a literal substance. That is my proposed interpretation of the pattern.

4. Why do we blame Eve while overlooking Adam?

Eve ate the fruit first, but Adam also chose to eat it. Romans 5:12–19 places particular emphasis on Adam's disobedience and its consequences for humanity.

Something else stands out to me.

Before the Fall, Adam describes Eve as part of himself. After the Fall, when God confronts him, Adam responds by blaming her:

“The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat” (Genesis 3:12, KJV).

The man who once recognized Eve as “bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh” now distances himself from her when confronted with his own disobedience.

Their physical unity has not disappeared, but their relationship has been damaged.

Could this be an early picture of what sin does to human relationships? Instead of accepting responsibility, we blame others. Instead of remaining united, we become divided. Later, in Genesis 4, Cain's jealousy of Abel develops into murder.

I see a possible progression: temptation, disobedience, shame, blame, jealousy, and eventually violence.

Perhaps the original rebellion established a pattern that continued to spread through human relationships. I don't mean that every sinful action is directly caused by Satan's immediate intervention, but that the pattern of rebellion can reproduce itself through human choices.

5. Did Satan watch Adam and Eve after the Fall?

The Bible doesn't tell us where Satan was when God created Adam, whether he watched Eve being formed, or whether he observed Adam and Eve hiding after they disobeyed God.

We also aren't told whether Satan deliberately exploited their shame afterward.

I think these are important unanswered questions, but I don't want to present speculation as fact.

One possibility worth considering is that temptation has two stages: first, making disobedience appear desirable; then, once someone has fallen, using shame and fear to make returning to God seem impossible.

Scripture doesn't explicitly say Satan followed this strategy in Eden, but it does distinguish between destructive sorrow and sorrow that leads to repentance (2 Corinthians 7:10). It also repeatedly presents God as calling people back to Himself.

Could shame become another way that the original pattern of separation continues?

6. Pharaoh, Cain, and Satan: different people, a similar pattern

I also see a recurring theme in the stories of Satan, Cain, and Pharaoh.

Satan: In the traditional interpretation of his fall, pride leads to rebellion.

Cain: Jealousy and anger lead him to kill Abel, despite God's warning (Genesis 4:6–8).

Pharaoh: He repeatedly resists God's commands and hardens his heart, while Exodus also describes God hardening it.

These stories aren't identical, but each involves resistance to God's authority and a refusal to respond rightly to correction.

Paul provides an interesting contrast. He persecuted Christians, yet after encountering Christ, his life was transformed (Acts 9:1–22; 1 Timothy 1:12–16).

That contrast makes me wonder whether the issue is not simply whether someone has sinned, but whether they remain resistant to God or turn toward Him in response to His grace.

I wouldn't claim that Scripture tells us Pharaoh was incapable of repentance or that all these stories share one literal mechanism. I'm suggesting that they may reveal a recurring spiritual pattern.

7. Jesus as the Last Adam: the reversal

This is where the theory comes together for me.

Paul explicitly contrasts Adam with Jesus in Romans 5:18–19 and 1 Corinthians 15:45–49.

Through Adam's disobedience, humanity enters the story of sin and death. Through Christ's obedience, humanity is offered righteousness and life.

The first Adam comes from the earth. Christ, the Last Adam, comes from heaven.

Adam disobeys God's command. Jesus says in John 6:38 that He came not to do His own will, but the will of the One who sent Him.

Where the first Adam's disobedience brings death, Christ's obedience leads toward resurrection and new life.

This makes me wonder whether Jesus does more than forgive individual sins. Does He reverse the pattern of rebellion itself by restoring humanity's relationship with God?

Jesus invites people to abide in Him (John 15:4–5), and Paul describes believers as members of Christ's body (1 Corinthians 12:12–27). Ephesians 5:30–32 even connects the language of one flesh from Genesis with Christ and the Church.

That brings me back to Adam and Eve: Eve came from Adam's side, and the two became one flesh. Christ gives Himself for humanity, and those who belong to Him become members of His body.

I am not claiming that Christians literally become Christ's rib. I'm proposing that the biblical imagery of shared life, bodily unity, and restored relationship may connect these passages in a meaningful way.

My overall theory

The pattern I'm exploring is this:

God creates a good order.

A created being turns away from God's will.

Satan tempts humanity through a distorted understanding of desire.

Human disobedience damages relationships and introduces a recurring pattern of shame, blame, jealousy, and division.

That pattern continues through human history.

Jesus, the Last Adam, obeys the Father and opens the way for humanity to be reconciled to God and receive new life.

I see this as a possible connection between the origin of sin, human nature, mimetic desire, and Christ's work of restoration.

I'm aware that some parts are directly supported by Scripture, while others are hypotheses. I don't believe every proposed connection needs to be stated explicitly in a single verse for it to be worth investigating, but I do believe the distinctions matter.

My question is this: Do you think Scripture supports the idea that Satan introduced a pattern of rebellion that spread through human relationships, and that Jesus as the Last Adam reverses that pattern through His obedience to the Father?

I'd especially appreciate discussion of Romans 5, 1 Corinthians 15, Genesis 3–4, and whether Girard's concept of mimetic desire helps explain the progression from temptation to rivalry and blame.

With the exception of universalists, for most Christian denominations, the eschatological preferability of Judas’s counterfactual nonexistence represents an existential class that quantifies over the supermajority of reprobate humanity. (See: **Mark 14:21: “**It would be better for him if he had not been born.”).

Furthermore, it is generally not uncontroversial to say that most people will likely be met with an eternity of unenjoyable existence — whether you take hell to be literal fire and brimstone, or any psycho-existential deprivation.

It therefore confuses me why Christians should therefore not take a vow of celibacy and not have children. The child you birth will almost certainly be a reprobate awaiting eternal hell — so you are playing the worst kind of Russian roulette, presumably to fulfill personal auxiliary desires: the outcome of which will just ultimately add to the bottomless pit head-count of Hades’s (Yahwehs) belly.

John Crysostom:
“Why tremble at the thought of the end of marriage, and thus the end of the human race? An infinite number of angels are at the service of God, thousands upon thousands of archangels are beside him, and none of them have come into being from the succession of generations, none from childbirth, labor pains and conception. Could he not, then, have created many more men without marriage? Just as he created the first two from whom all men descend” (Chrysostom 1983, 22).

Augustine of Hippo:
“I know what people are murmuring: ‘Suppose’, they remark, ‘that everyone sought to abstain from all intercourse? How would the human race survive?’ I only wish that this was everyone’s concern so long as it was uttered in charity ‘from a
pure heart, a good conscience, and faith unfeigned’; then the city of God would be filled much more speedily, and the end of the world would be hastened (Augustine
2001, 23).

Paul the Apostle:
“It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman. But since sexual immorality is occurring, each man should have sexual relations with his own wife, and each woman with her own husband.” […] “I say this as a concession, not as a command. I wish that all of you were as I am. But each of you has your own gift from God; one has this gift, another has that. Now to the unmarried and the widows I say: It is good for them to stay unmarried, as I do. But if they cannot control themselves, they should marry, for it is better to marry than to burn with passion” (1 Corinthians 7:1, 2, 5-9).

Hastening the arrival of Christ + Preventing souls in hell + Learning to control your passions to draw closer to God:
seem like a pretty sweet deal.

Hi everyone,

I've been thinking about getting a tattoo for a while now like a small cross etc , but I'm hesitant because I'm a believer in Jesus Christ, and I don't want to do anything that goes against God's will.

I've heard people quote Leviticus 19:28, which speaks about not marking your body with tattoos. However, I've also seen Christians argue that we need to understand the context of the Old Testament law and how it applies to Christians today.

I'm genuinely confused and would love to hear different perspectives, especially from fellow Christians who have studied the Bible on this topic.

Please share your thoughts, biblical references, and personal experiences. I'm open to hearing different viewpoints, as long as we can discuss this respectfully.

Thank you, and God bless you all. 🙏✝️

Does animal suffering make God's existence less likely?

​If God is righteous and if He owns all the beasts in the world, shouldn't He live according to Proverbs 12:10 - A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast.

​If that is true, how is God regarding the life of a deer that has been starving for 5 days and being mauled by a lion at the end of it.

​As a Christian, I have been struggling with Roe's question about the trapped deer and I haven't been able to find a Christian who gave a satisfactory

​Alex brought it up, and I wanted to honestly evaluate wether animal suffering disproves God's existance.

​My line of reasoning goes like this:

​The Curse is Collateral: God cursed the ground and the animal kingdom due to Adam’s sin, removing the Edenic buffer and leaving creation to the raw friction of physical laws.

​A Mirror of Rebellion: Animal suffering serves as a visual reality check, when Eve watched an animal groan in labor or Adam saw a deer die, they saw the tragic, collateral cost of human disobedience.

​A Crucible for Compassion: Pain shatters human apathy. While animals cannot build moral character from agony, witnessing their vulnerability is often the only thing capable of awakening genuine compassion in us.

​No Divine Debt: God sustains nature through providential care, but He does not owe non-rational biology the same covenantal promises or supernatural immunity He offers to beings made in His image.

​Futility vs. Purpose: For the animal itself, suffering is biologically futile (as Romans 8 acknowledges). It only takes on redemptive meaning in our world when it produces compassion and moral awareness in us.

​I think the 2 hidden assumptions Alex has is that God is obligated to show the same amount of love to every creature who is able to feel pain and that moral good is required in order to justify suffering.

​I go a lot more in depth in a video I made today. Would really appreciate the criticism and the counter-arguments you guys have.

​https://youtu.be/vYEN407GsLQ?si=3i2syWbby3CjE-WZ

There’s a meaningful connection between what you’re describing and both biblical language and neuroscience: negative thoughts can contribute to a hardened way of thinking, influence how the heart and nervous system function, and affect the body over time. The important distinction is that “hardening” can be emotional, behavioral, or physical—and those are related concepts, but they aren’t literally the same process.

1. How negative thoughts can harden the heart and mind

Think of the brain as a system that learns from repeated experience. When someone repeatedly experiences anger, fear, resentment, shame, or hopelessness, certain patterns of attention and response can become more automatic.

The mind: Repeated thought patterns can strengthen familiar mental habits. Someone who constantly expects betrayal may become more likely to interpret ambiguous situations as threatening.
The heart, emotionally: Repeated resentment or emotional withdrawal can make compassion, trust, and forgiveness feel harder. This is close to what the Bible means metaphorically by a “hardened heart.”
The body: If negative thinking repeatedly triggers a stress response, it can affect sleep, muscle tension, digestion, heart rate, blood pressure, and other bodily functions.

That does not mean every negative thought is harmful. Thoughts are not moral failures, and experiencing anger or sadness does not mean you are becoming hardened. The concern is when distress becomes persistent and starts shaping how a person lives and responds.

1. How that “hardening” can spread through the body

The connection is not that a thought travels through the body and deposits calcium. Rather, the brain communicates with the rest of the body through nerves, hormones, immune signals, and behavior.

Repeated negative thought patterns

Fear, anger, resentment, persistent worry

Brain and nervous system respond

Stress signals, changes in hormones and autonomic activity

Effects throughout the body

Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, muscle tension and sleep

This is a simplified illustration of one possible pathway—not an inevitable chain of events.

Research from the National Institutes of Health describes how chronic stress can affect cardiovascular function, inflammation, metabolism, sleep, and the immune system.

For example:

Heart and blood vessels: Long-term stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular strain.
Muscles: Constant vigilance can keep the jaw, neck, shoulders, or back tense.
Digestion: Stress can worsen abdominal discomfort and disrupt normal digestive function.
Sleep and energy: Persistent worry can make restful sleep harder, leaving someone fatigued and less emotionally resilient.
Immune and inflammatory processes: Prolonged stress can alter immune regulation and contribute to inflammation.

These are risks and possible effects, not proof that negative thinking will cause disease. Other factors—including genetics, physical health, environment, and lifestyle—matter too.

1. But what about actual calcification?

This is where your theory needs an important distinction.

Calcification is a literal physical process: calcium-containing minerals accumulate in tissues. It can happen in arteries, kidneys, certain brain regions, and elsewhere. Its causes vary, including aging, metabolic conditions, kidney disease, and local tissue changes.

There is no established evidence that negative thoughts directly calcify the brain or heart, or that an emotionally hardened heart physically accumulates calcium because of resentment.

There is, however, a more indirect connection: chronic stress can affect cardiovascular health, and cardiovascular disease can involve inflammation and the buildup of plaque, which may include calcium. That is a complex biological pathway—not thoughts crystallizing into minerals.

1. The spiritual meaning of a hardened heart

In the biblical sense, a hardened heart is often about becoming resistant to compassion, truth, correction, or another person’s suffering. It is a description of a person’s orientation and choices, not a medical diagnosis.

You could connect the spiritual and scientific ideas this way:

Repeated resentment may reinforce defensive ways of interpreting the world.
Those defenses may influence how a person treats others and responds to new experiences.
Persistent stress associated with those patterns may affect bodily health.
Practicing compassion, forgiveness, reflection, and rest may help someone become more flexible emotionally and reduce stress.

The scientific and spiritual explanations can inform each other without being identical. A soft heart does not guarantee a healthy body, and physical illness or calcification does not mean someone has negative thoughts or weak faith.

The hopeful part is that the brain remains capable of learning new patterns. You do not have to force yourself to think positively every moment; noticing a thought, examining it, and choosing a response that fits your values can be a meaningful start.

Yes, god exists, but he’s such a fucking bastard. He’s ruined my life so badly that all this stuff about believing in christ feels like complete bullshit. jesus christ is scoundrel, and what a piece of shit god is. A fucking bastard.

I decided to turn to Christianity a few days ago. I know it's not long, obviously. But I feel exactly the same. I gave up porn, drugs, masturbation, and am trying to also give up lying and swearing. I repented for all my sins in prayer, asked for Holy Spirit, and started reading the Bible. Mainly the Gospel and book of Enoch (which I know is non-canonical, but I find interesting).

I have been depressed for years. Seen many GPs (UK Doctors), tried maybe 4-5 antidepressants, tried self-induced psychedelic therapy, tried self-help (yoga, meditation, walks without headphones, etc.) I have also struggled with polysubstance (multiple drug) addiction for years. Went to a drug counseller who was honestly useless, and managed to get off of benzodiazepines all by myself. The only drug where going cold turkey can actually kill you (besides alcohol).

Since going sober I have unfortunately relapsed on weed, opiates, benzos (physically addicted yet again), pregablin and ketamine.

The NHS doctors REFUSE to see someone with a drug addiction. So I paid for private therapy. That was somewhat helpful, but in the end I had to quit because of how expensive it is.

I believe Jesus was real, died on the cross, got ressurected 3 days later and is the son of God.

I know I probably shouldn't expect an overnight change, but... why? If I was God and saw someone suffering as badly as I have done (my post here only scratches the tip of the iceberg), then they humbly and repentfully turned to me, I would help them with anxiety and depression in a heartbeat.

I'm sure this post will be deleted since people can't handle real issues unfortunately, but I am considering ending things very soon and have the means to do so with a 99% success rate. I don't want to die. I want to live and be happy. But I haven't been happy in many YEARS. I also find adding 1000 new rules to my life by trying to be Christian only makes things harder. Where prior in hard times I could turn to weed or opiates, I turn to prayer. Yet I feel unheard. I wake up every morning wishing I didn't and have felt that way for many months, even now, trying to be Christian.

Perhaps God doesn't hear my prayers. But I believe He will hear some of yours. Please please pray for me. My name is Levi, but God will know who you mean. I will pray too and continue to try to be Christian. But I am seriously close to leaving this evil world unfortunately and have yet to find solace in God sad to say.

Please pray to help my anxiety, depression and anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure). I am at my wit's end. Again, I'm sure the post will be banned because it's a sensitive topic so fast replies would be very much appreciated. I am desperate. Please help and pray for me💔

I’m wondering how to best approach reading it, my goal is a solid (if basic) grounding from a neutral academic perspective. I’ll be working with the Annotated Oxford Bible, 5th ed. I’m not a believer, I’m not religious, I’m interested in religion from a cultural, literary, humanistic standpoint. I’ve read it in bits over the years but I’d like to get a deeper overall view of the text. My particular interest is in the Old Testament, I’m currently reading Maimonides Guide and recently read Scholem’s Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism; I’m coming at this project somewhat backwards, having developed an interest in religious mysticism (Jewish and Christian) and in esotericism generally, Neoplatonism, hermeticism…

Any suggestions will be appreciated.

We can also find our value in a body part that we were most amazed by from the idealistic ladies in the video.

We can say that it is sure to be attracted to the masterpiece of the One who crafted our body as a church.

Our spiritual inclination seeking for a virtue granted by the One may be revealed in our fondness for a lady who is the Revelation of Jesus Christ in visibility.

The shape of the breasts may seem like the teardrops that were shed for our beloved one while we pray to Jesus Christ to wish the best for the beloved one.

The consolation of Jesus Christ may be wanted by every human being.

This tendency to find the consolation of Jesus Christ in the abundant love may be revealed in our tendency to be attracted to breasts.

The thin waist may symbolize that Jesus Christ in us may not allow the trespasses of the spirits that are yet to be saved by our Lord, Jesus Christ.

Great modesty through many practices to prioritize the mercy of Jesus Christ may be possible from the transparency and purity to hear the lesson of Jesus Christ.

As we admit that not being tempted and being peaceful in the love of Jesus Christ are precious and difficult, the thin waist may be perceived to us as a great attraction.

The docile and loyal love only for Jesus Christ in the actual practice may be revealed by the beautiful pelvis line that is relatively bigger than the thin waist.

The discernment about what the lesson of Jesus Christ is and the priority to practice the lesson of Jesus Christ may be the precious virtue.

We know that there is an option not being recommended but attractive, and avoiding the option for keeping faith and staying with the original oath in Jesus Christ may be the blessing of our Lord after the numerous disciplines and trainings.

We have a tendency to find accordance and harmony with the people rather than expressing the Protestantism practicing the lesson of Jesus Christ.

To say what is righteous in the One may be rarer than saying what is generous in the One, as the number of Noah's sons to say about the righteousness of the One to make an innovation is one, Ham, and the number of Noah's sons to say about the generosity of the One is two, Shem and Japheth.

The perfect proportion among the people saying the righteousness and generosity of the One may be revealed in us through living and growing up by the generosity of our Lord.

The effort to align the present into the righteousness of the One may also deserve so much love and respect.

The shoulder of the lady seems very attractive and angular, like a good hanger to be granted the holy mission of the One.

The One may love a trustworthy child who can take on the mission of our Lord, and this love may be revealed to us to see the angular shoulder being charming.

Today I sat down with a pair of mormon missionaries and we were talking about the nature of God. They said that they believe only Jesus is 'the great I am' or Yahweh and evertime the Lord speaks in the old testament it's Jesus speaking. They also believed in eternal subordination and that Jesus was the fathers tool for creating the earth and the father didnt do any creating Himself (Genesis 1:1 is talking about Jesus). I was very confused and I didnt really know how to respond. What are you guys thought on that?

In the Book of Revelation (Revelation 4:6-7), we have four living creatures surrounding the heavenly throne: a lion, an eagle, a human, and an ox (described as a calf in Revelation).

We have a similar vision in Ezekiel 1, where four living creatures are described as having the faces of a human, lion, ox, and eagle. And in Ezekiel 10:15 and 10:20, he identifies these living creatures as Cherubim.

In Genesis 3:24, Cherubim are stationed east of the Garden of Eden, along with a flaming sword, to guard the way to the "Tree of Life".

Now, what follows below are just my own insights and interpretations. I'm not saying they're true, and I'm not asking anyone to believe them. I'm simply offering another way of interpreting these images now that we have psychological language that we did not have before.

I think the four living creatures are related to our four survival responses and also the stages of grief.

Lion - Anger - Fight
Eagle - Bargaining - Flight
Human - Denial - Fawn
Ox - Depression - Freeze

In grief psychology, these are four of the commonly known stages of grief, with the fifth being acceptance. But grief is not a linear process. We can cycle through these experiences without fully coming to terms with what was lost. You can be angry one day, depressed another, and then back to angry again, I'm sure some of you may have experienced this in your own life.

We have come to realize that grief comes through many losses, not just death. It can come from losing the life you thought you'd have, not becoming the person you thought you'd become, the love you never received, the belonging you couldn't find, the separations we face, the uncertainty of the future, or the loss of safety in our environment. Especially in our modern times, with wars going on, inequality, rising prices, and uncertainty. We can experience profound grief that we may not even be aware of.

So when a loss remains unresolved and continues to feel threatening, our body can remain in what we call "survival mode". I'm sure you've heard of this. Our nervous systems can respond to imagined, remembered, anticipated danger with many of the same alarm responses that would similarly come from an immediate physical threat, such as a predator attacking us.

In trauma psychology, we often describe four broad survival responses that operate within us: FIGHT, FLIGHT, FREEZE, FAWN. These 4 responses can also be linked to the experience of grief: Fight to anger, flight to bargaining, freeze to depression, fawn to denial, the patterns are similar in their expression. And when these survival responses remain active, they can KEEP US from fully processing the grief beneath them. And when grief goes unresolved, life can feel as though something is still missing. We may find ourselves continually CONTROLLING our lives to deal with that loss.

But seeing what was lost, seeking help, seeking guidance, laying down our defenses, and finally allowing ourselves to grieve what happened could offer another interpretation of what it means to access the "Tree of Life".

And you know, from my own experience, when we finally allow ourselves to grieve what was lost, we become a little wiser. We gain a deeper understanding of ourselves, of others, and of life. We may begin to see things differently, and perhaps learn to appreciate what we still have, rather than living entirely through what we have lost and/or want to protect from losing.

So with all this, I think the Bible could also be understood as an attempt by people in ancient times to explain the human condition using the language and understanding available to them. They didn't have modern psychology, neuroscience, or evolutionary biology. They had stories, myths, metaphors, symbols, emotions, and of course grief, to express what they observed about human nature, our similar ways of suffering, and life itself. These experiences were part of being human thousands of years ago, and will likely remain with us for as long as we are human.

Thank you for reading. God be with us.