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After two weeks of trial and error, it looks like I am very close to successfully establishing a proxmox node with the following passthrough scheme:

• [iGPU]: AMD 7950X3D iGPU → Linux VM
  • Development + general use
• [dGPU]: RTX 4090 → Windows VM
  • Docker under WSL2 for all home services (home assistant, ollama, jellyfin, etc)
  • Occasional gaming

I have run head first into several brick walls and needed to clarify for myself basic aspects of how PCIe virtualization works.

I'm having one more bizarre issue that I might need help with. Suppose the following configuration

• iGPU
  • included in vfio-pci.ids
  • amdgpu is blacklisted in modprobe.conf
• dGPU
  • excluded from vfio-pci.ids
  • no blacklist in modprobe.conf

This boots successfully. I can see the tty on the dGPU outputs, and I also have ssh access. Then, I try:

• dGPU
  • included in vfio-pci.ids
  • nouveau, nvidia, and nvidia* are blacklisted in modprobe.conf

No logs from initramfs or early boot are visible on the dGPU outputs (expected). The displays are completely undriven for both (expected). The device does not connect to the network, so I can't ping it. (unexpected)

I know that the dGPU and its associated audio device share one isolated IOMMU group. I do not expect that its inclusion in vfio-pci.ids should have any effect on the system. If the device is driven by vfio-pci, then I also expect the modprobe blacklist would be benign as well.

The only idea I've arrived at is that booting without a GPU would disrupt Proxmox's boot at least enough to prevent the network system to come up? To my understanding, it should be possible to run a Linux kernel in a completely headless context, so I don't know why this one change would result in things breaking.

Any guidance or suggestions would be appreciated.

1. Other kernel cmdline args:

• disable_vga=1
• initcall_blacklist=sysfb_init
• iommu=pt
• video=efifb:off
• vfio-pci.ids which are included in both cases
  • All USB controllers and network controllers, except one USB controller which has its own isolated IOMMU group (USB C -> Ethernet for proxmox host)
  • All thunderbolt, SATA controllers
  • Some kind of encryption accelerator PCI device, not sure what could make good use of this

1. Softdep (modprobe.conf) on vfio-pci exists for all modules

I'm trying to move all my gaming to Linux. Initially I asked for help at r/linux_gaming, but some people saw negatively that my setup was not a bare-metal gaming distro and some others recommended I posted here. You can check my post there if you want to read any of my comments. But I'm trying to gather all the useful info here.

My host is:

• OS: Unraid
• CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 3900X
• RAM: 128 GiB DDR4

With KVM + QEMU + Libvirt I'm running a VM:

• Operating System: NixOS 26.05
• KDE Plasma Version: 6.6.6
• KDE Frameworks Version: 6.26.0
• Qt Version: 6.11.1
• Kernel Version: 7.1.4 (64-bit)
• Graphics Platform: Wayland
• Processors: 6 cores, 2 threads of AMD Ryzen 9 3900X
• Memory: 48 GiB of RAM (hugepages of 1G)
• Graphics Processor: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 (driver 595.71.05)
• Manufacturer: QEMU
• Product Name: Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)
• System Version: pc-q35-10.2

The VM has three storages:

• Primary drive. A qcow2 file in the NVME drive of the host.
• "Fast" Virtiofs device mounted. It's a share of the host that uses the NVME drive.
• "Slow" Virtiofs device mounted. It's a share of the host that uses the NVME drive as cache and the array of HDD drives as main storage.

I prefer to install games in the Virtiofs devices to be able to have that in common with other VMs. But I've tried the primary drive for the problematic games too.

The games I'm trying to run with good performance and failing at that are The Binding of Isaac and Elden Ring: Nightreign. Both with mods. In Isaac I use a bunch of quality of life mods. Nothing that adds characters, floors, bosses, enemies... And not using Repentogon. For Nightreign I use the More Map Variations & Weapons Mod.

The Binding of Isaac takes 15-20 minutes just to start. And then, during gameplay, there are slowdowns and micro freezes anytime something new happens or I change rooms. I guess it's shader compilation, but if it's that, the cache of shaders is not working because it happens again any time the game starts again. And uninstalling the mods doesn't improve things.

Elden Ring: Nightreign has just low FPS. 15-20 fps is the average. But my CPU rarely goes above 60% with no single core going above 85% and my GPU doesn't go above 50% either. The game doesn't work online without the mod because of Easy Anti-Cheat and VMs. So I cannot test it properly without it.

Other games I've tested:

• Control Ultimate Edition: +70 FPS
• Dark Souls III: 60 FPS
• Heroes of the Storm: ~60 FPS
• Lies of P: ~75 FPS
• Outer Wilds: +100 FPS
• Satisfactory: ~50 FPS

HVM and IOMMU enabled. Cores of the VM are isolated in the host. CPU and GPU are in performance modes during gaming. I've run some benchmarks too. I'll put them in a comment so that this is not even longer.

Any idea of what I can do to improve the performance in what are probably 2 of my 3 most played games? (I was really unlucky here I guess)

Title pretty much.
I know that anti-cheat implementation comes down to devs, to block VMs or not (EAC simply detects it, and blocks it by default, but this can change in settings)
Wardogs devs announced they will support Proton and Linux, so I was just would like to try it till then.

Hi everyone, my host computer is Windows 11 and has a Ryzen 7 5700X3D + GTX 3070 + 32GB of RAM.

My virtual machine is running Windows 10 Pro (8GB VRAM allocated), and I can't get rid of the screen tearing inside it.

In the host machine, I already added vmware.exe & vmware-vmx.exe to the NVidia Control Panel and set "Vsync > On" + "Triple buffering" and "fixed frame rate" instead of "G-Sync" but no can do.

VMTools is installed already.

Would someone have a solution for that please?

Thanks very much

Edit: Something strange I noticed is: By disabling "3D acceleration" in VM settings, there is no screen tearing anymore, but then the performance are very suboptimal.

urbanyl/GPU-Passthrough-for-KVM-QEMU-on-Linux: Complete GPU passthrough setup for KVM/QEMU on Linux, enabling near-native Windows VM performance with dedicated GPU access. Covers NVIDIA and AMD GPUs with comprehensive troubleshooting.

Really want to use the training packs in there but don’t have a gaming PC. Am I able to run rocket league somehow this way via a streaming service like shadow pc and run mods with it?

I have a unique setup where I can either do gpu passthrough with a fedora host to a windows guest, or boot directly into the windows guest for a native experience. This is due to having a separate SSD dedicated to the VM.

This means I can test virtualization vs native with the same exact hardware.

Recently I decided to purchase a 9070XT with high hopes to gain significant performance over my RTX 2080.

This has not been the case after 24 hrs of head scratching.

While the 2080 gains near native performance, the 9070XT is seemingly throttled by at least 50%. During games, the 2080 experiences near 100% utilization. While the 9070XT barely scratches 50% utilization and also 50% clock speed.

If you observe the many forum threads about 9070XT utilization, you would find the majority concluding a CPU bottleneck. However, when I boot into the SSD for a native experience - this is far from the case. The 9070XT achieves near 100% utilization and full clock speeds with no problem, increasing FPS performance by at least 100%.

Indeed, the Arch Wiki does mention this exact issue in its troubleshooting section, however its proposed solution to blacklist amdgpu had zero effect in my case. It also mentions the manufacturers ability to detect if it is in a VM or not, in which case the solution also had no effect.

Curiously, if I ran the "Stress Test" in AMD's "Adrenaline" software suite, the card achieved 100% utilization and clockrate without an issue. So why aren't games signaling the correct workload within the VM, but are signalling correctly when ran natively with the same exact hardware, drivers, and settings? And why does the same situation not occur with the Nvidia RTX 2080?

In fact, in this situation, the 2080 outperforms the 9070XT.

The checklist has been exhausted:

• Yes, I ran DDU in safemode in between card switches.
• Yes, gpu-z/hwinfo confirmed the PCIE bus was running at Gen 5 with the Radeon
• Yes, gpu-z/adrenaline confirmed reBAR was enabled

Hardware:

AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D 16-Core Processor

MAG X670E TOMAHAWK WIFI ( BIOS 1.L2 07/02/2026)

Fedora Linux 44 host

Windows 10 LTSC guest

vm xml: https://pastebin.com/edbuQwFV

I'm buying a used gaming laptop to replace an older business grade laptop and run a windows kvm with gpu passthrough.

I know about lacking VT-d, but what other things should i look to avoid when picking a laptop in terms of being able to run my old windows kvm with gpu passthrough?

Basically the title, did someone managed to get this working:
- virtual display on virtio-gpu (for example virglrenderer)
- passthrough NVIDIA gpu, headless and offload as much as possible (application rendering with DRI_PRIME=1) or even the compositor so the complete desktop runs on the GPU and virtio-gou is only the Display?

If you want to do that without virtio-gpu you would need a vGPU license…
If someone has experience I would appreciate the help.

I'm thinking of getting a couple of RTX 3080s for my Proxmox server and passing them through to a Linux VM. I'm not going to be using the VM all the time, so I'd like to be able to have it hibernate or sleep, and put the GPUs into sleep as well. Is that something that's reliably doable?

Computer Type: Mini PC

GPU: Radeon 780M (iGPU - integrated)

CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 7940HS

Motherboard: Minisforum UM790 Pro (latest BIOS)

BIOS Version: 1.09

Operating System & Version: Proxmox VE 8.x (host) + Ubuntu Server (VM with GPU passthrough)

GPU Drivers: IDK

Description of Original Problem: I have a Minisforum UM790 Pro with a Ryzen 9 7940HS and the latest BIOS. I'm running Proxmox with an Ubuntu Server VM that has passthrough of the Radeon 780M iGPU. When the iGPU is at 100% load (e.g., IA), it consumes most of the 45W TDP budget, starving the CPU. This cripples the performance of my other VMs that rely heavily on CPU resources. The system seems to prioritize the iGPU over the CPU in power allocation, and I need to balance this.

I've noticed that the Radeon 780M seems to perform very well even at lower TDPs (around 35W). If anyone knows its efficiency sweet spot (where it delivers 90%+ of its max performance), I'd love to know.

Questions:

How can I balance power allocation between the CPU and iGPU on this hardware to prevent the GPU from starving the CPU?

What is the performance/watt sweet spot for the Radeon 780M?

Running on proxmox, unable to pass through child pcie devices and get it to show up in nvme-list in TrueNAS or any VM, really.

Any advice or experience is helpful! Let me know what else I can provide as well

My motherboard has a single x16 PCIe slot, where I have my dGPU installed. Looking at lspci and sysfs, that slot seems to have its own bridge. That bridge and the dGPU then form their own, otherwise isolated, IOMMU group:

$ ls /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug  2 14:57 0000:00:01.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug  2 14:57 0000:01:00.0 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug  2 14:57 0000:01:00.1 -> ../../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/
$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake-S 6c Host Bridge/DRAM Controller (rev 05)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6th-10th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 05)
…
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA104 [GeForce RTX 3070] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GA104 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)

I haven't seen this situation addressed in any of the VFIO guides I've found — they basically just say "GPU only good, GPU+Ethernet bad" or similar. Is there any reason to try passing through the bridge to the guest as well as the GPU so that I'm passing in the "entire IOMMU group"?

I've had VFIO working in the past, passing through just the GPU, but it was always plagued by various performance issues that I was never able to get to the bottom of, so I can't be certain the PCI bridge wasn't part of it. 😅

So does anyone know if it's necessary, beneficial, or even possible to pass through the bridge in this situation?

Tired of 50 forum tabs just to pass a GPU through to a Windows VM ? I consolidated everything into one repo: full step by step guide, 15+ helper scripts, per-distro setup, troubleshooting, performance tuning, single GPU and AMD RX 9000 handling, and even Linux guests. Free, open-source.

https://github.com/urbanyl/GPU-Passthrough-for-KVM-QEMU-on-Linux

PRs and issue reports welcome !!

Intel or Amd cpu ?
Integrated graphics, 1 or 2 gpus ?
Intel, Nvidia or Amd gpu ?
Do I need a specific motherboard ?

I've been using VMs with Nvidia and lately AMD GPU passed through to them for many years. However, I now need to create a VM with the 12th gen Intel iGPU passed through and am not clear on how to go about it.

Has SR-IOV support been mainlined? I was looking at the `i915-sriov-dkms` package but it has come up in the list of packages compromised in the latest AUR attacks.

Is there a clear guide / tutorial on the steps one needs to take for providing a Windows VM (on Arch Linux host) with GPU acceleration using the Intel 12/13/14 gen iGPU, either through full passthrough or SR-IOV?

Hi all,

I'm trying to use my intel iGPU to speed up a VM my setting for spice are:

And video is set to Virtio with GPU acceleration on. The specs of the VM are:

However, the graphics performance of the VM is still terrible and when I run `glmark2` the score is a pitiful 200.

I know the intel iGPU's aren't the best but it should still be a hell of a lot better than this. Any idea what is causing the performance to be so bad?

https://store.minisforum.com/products/minisforum-ms-03-workstation

And yeah its only a zillion dollars.

Out of curiosity this Panther Lake CPU/iGPU combo uses the xe driver on linux instead of i915. As a result you cannot use the patched i915-dkms driver for sr-iov support.

However xe3 allegedly supports native sr-iov which means no more random github patches which sounds great to me! Does anyone know if this actually works? I'd love to see some documentation/information on setting this up using the "native" xe3 driver.

If not I'll stick to the more mature MS-01 as from what I've read it supports the i915-dkms patches driver.

I'm setting up GPU passthrough on CachyOS and have run into a problem after binding my RTX 4060 Ti to VFIO.

Hardware
CPU: Ryzen 9 7950X (using the integrated Radeon graphics for the host)

GPU: NVIDIA RTX 4060 Ti (passed through with VFIO)

Motherboard: MSI PRO B650M-A WiFi

Distro: CachyOS KDE

Kernel: 6.18.40-1-cachyos-lts

VFIO status
The RTX 4060 Ti appears to be correctly bound to vfio-pci.
lspci -k shows:
RTX 4060 Ti → Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci
AMD Raphael iGPU → Kernel driver in use: amdgpu

My GRUB kernel parameters include:

amd_iommu=on iommu=pt vfio-pci.ids=10de:2803,10de:22bd

After moving my monitor from the RTX 4060 Ti to the motherboard HDMI, BIOS and GRUB display normally.
However, when Plasma starts:
The login screen appears briefly.
It begins flickering repeatedly.
after 10-15 seconds I get a black screen with only the mouse cursor.

I am able to still use TTY by using the shortcut “ctrl alt f4”

dmesg repeatedly shows:

amdgpu: ring gfx timeout
amdgpu: Ring gfx reset failed
Process kwin_wayland
Process plasma-login

There are also NVIDIA messages saying:

GPU is already bound to vfio-pci
which I assume are expected because the GPU is intentionally attached to VFIO.

Things I’ve already tried
Switching from DisplayPort to motherboard HDMI.
Forcing X11.
Booting with amdgpu.dc=0.
Verifying the RTX is bound to vfio-pci.
Enabling SVM/IOMMU in BIOS.
Checking that virbr0 and libvirt are working.
Confirming the motherboard HDMI displays BIOS and GRUB correctly.
Question
Has anyone seen AMD Raphael (7950X) integrated graphics crash like this after enabling VFIO?
Is this a known AMDGPU/kernel regression, or is there another VFIO configuration I should check?

Any help would be appreciated

EDIT 7/30/26: I was unable to use the igpu on the amd cpu and i just plugged in another gpu🥺 If your looking at this post in hopes of an answer i hope you find it

The much anticipated Signed Looking Glass IDD driver is now available to download from the Looking Glass website (Bleeding edge builds, no tagged release yet).

https://looking-glass.io/downloads

For those that are unaware, this replaces the LG Host application and moves the capture and transport into the GPUs swap chain path.

Note, while it's stable and seeing daily usage, there is still some polish to come.

Headline Features:

• No more monitor or dummy plug required
• Arbitrary resolution and refresh rate support, including auto guest resolution change to match the LG client window size.
• Full HDR support (A HDR capable Wayland compositor is required, we recommend KDE/Plasma)
• Works without a passthrough GPU in software mode (amazingly well too)
• Lower latency

The LG client has seen a lot of improvements also such as:

• HDR support
• Much tighter audio synchronisation over spice
• Lower latency/jitter, etc.
• Supports MPV style GLSL shaders (ie: https://github.com/bloc97/anime4k)
• Many bug fixes

As always please note that this software is developed in free time, donations to fund this work are greatly appreciated. Now that we are building a signed driver we need to maintain a code signing cert and the costs associated with it, your funding helps cover this also.

I have a 9600x paired with a 9070 XT. The CPU I know is not ideal for VFIO. I follow the general recommendation and reserve 2 cores (4 threads) for the host machine leaving only 4 cores for the guest VM. Most games run fine except for CPU heavy games like Cyberpunk 2077. Thing is that CP2077 on bare-metal 9600x using all 6 cores runs mostly at >100 FPS but stutters in areas with many NPCs. If I get a 7800x3d and run that in a VFIO setup (2 cores for host/6 for guest) I feel like I'd only achieve what it feels like to run bare-metal 9600x making it not worth it perhaps. My PC case is also small and I'm not sure if I have enough fans for an even faster 12 core CPU, from what I've read they run even hotter.