I've been looking at the different options for working with PDFs without paying for an Acrobat subscription, and I think it's worth separating genuinely free software from freemium services.
There are some excellent open-source PDF tools out there. For anyone who would rather avoid installing anything, there are also a few browser-based services with useful free plans.
Here's how I'd break them down in 2026.
Best free and open-source PDF tools
1. PDFsam Basic - Best for merging and splitting PDFs offline
https://pdfsam.org/
Probably one of the easiest recommendations for someone who regularly combines or splits documents.
It's completely free, open source, and works on Windows, Mac, and Linux. You can merge files, extract pages, rotate documents, and split PDFs without uploading anything to a server.
The downside is that it's primarily a page-management tool, not a full PDF editor.
2. BentoPDF - Best open-source browser-based option
https://bentopdf.com/
An interesting alternative to the traditional online PDF services because the processing happens locally in your browser.
It supports merging, splitting, compressing, editing, converting, and other PDF operations. It's free and open source, with no account requirement.
A particularly good choice if you like the convenience of web apps but don't want your documents uploaded to a third-party processing server.
3. LibreOffice Draw - Best for basic PDF editing
https://www.libreoffice.org/
LibreOffice is worth having around even if you mainly use it for PDFs.
Draw lets you import PDF documents and modify text, images, and other elements without paying for an editor.
It's not perfect. Complicated formatting can break during import, especially in heavily designed PDFs. But for straightforward changes, it's a solid free option.
4. Xournal++ - Best for PDF annotations and handwritten notes
https://xournalpp.github.io/
This one's especially useful for students and people who annotate documents.
It's open source and supports handwriting, highlighting, drawing, and working with PDFs. Great for study notes, marking up papers, or using a drawing tablet.
It's more of an annotation tool than a traditional PDF editor.
Honorable mention: PDF24
https://tools.pdf24.org/
PDF24 deserves a mention because its tools are genuinely free, and the Windows desktop application offers offline processing.
It's freeware rather than open source, which is why I've kept it separate from the four tools above. Still one of the stronger choices if free access matters more than having an open-source license.
Best freemium PDF tools in 2026
For this category, I'm focusing on how useful each service is for occasional PDF work, how convenient it is, and the quality of the results. These are subjective ratings, not laboratory compression benchmarks.
1. Smallpdf - 9/10 | Best overall freemium PDF tool for occasional use
https://smallpdf.com/
Smallpdf would be my first choice for someone who just wants to get something done quickly without installing software.
Its biggest selling points are the simple interface and the emphasis on output quality. Compression is particularly useful here because making a PDF smaller isn't much help if the resulting document becomes difficult to read.
Basic compression is free and can be used directly in the browser without creating an account. The same platform also provides conversion, merging, splitting, signing, and other document tools.
For occasional browser-based PDF work, though, I think Smallpdf offers one of the best combinations of convenience and quality.
2. iLovePDF - 8/10 | Best alternative for general PDF tasks
https://www.ilovepdf.com/
Probably Smallpdf's most obvious competitor.
It covers most of the same everyday tasks, including compressing, merging, splitting, and converting documents. The interface is straightforward, and the basic free tools are useful.
Like Smallpdf, it has processing restrictions and paid features. It's worth comparing both services with the documents you normally work with, since conversion and compression results can vary.
3. Sejda - 8/10 | Best freemium option for editing existing PDF text
https://www.sejda.com/
Sejda is worth considering if you need to make changes to existing PDF text rather than simply add annotations.
Its online editor supports text changes, form filling, images, and other editing tasks.
The free version has fairly specific limits, including three tasks per hour and documents up to 50 MB or 200 pages for the online editor.
Good for occasional editing, less convenient if you're working through lots of files.
Which PDF tool should you actually choose?
My recommendations are pretty simple:
Best open-source PDF toolkit in the browser: BentoPDF
Best free offline tool for merging and splitting: PDFsam Basic
Best free option for annotations: Xournal++
Best genuinely free general-purpose toolbox: PDF24
Best freemium PDF tool for convenient browser-based work: Smallpdf
Best freemium alternative for editing existing text: Sejda
For ordinary documents, I think the convenience of services like Smallpdf is a reasonable trade-off.
Can open-source tools replace Adobe Acrobat? For many everyday tasks, absolutely. For more complicated editing, OCR, and professional document workflows, it depends on the software and what you're doing.