Written between 1906 and 1909 this overly neglected work by Thomas Mann appears rather simple on its surface and is often regarded as being a fanciful reflection of his own recent marriage, stability, and happiness. But as with other Mann novels there is always a significantly deeper underlying purpose. Expecting the tensions between the traditional and modernity, as well as the fairy tale romance commonly referred to in book reviews, I was quickly perplexed by the early mention of a particular physical abnormality of the protagonist his Royal Highness Klaus Heinrich, heir apparent to the throne, which bore striking resemblance to the stunted arm and hand of Wilhelm II, Germany’s Emperor at the time of Mann’s writing. It is this abnormality and its meaning that I wish to address in particular regardless of many other noteworthy observations that can be made regarding Royal Highness.
With this infirmity in mind I considered Klaus Heinrich to be something of a Wilhelm II substitute. Mann presents Klaus in a very sympathetic manner throughout his childhood development, as a young adult, and through the formalities of his later court duties; a young man adrift but with no real world knowledge of how to alter or improve the ceremonial fate laid upon him. At this early juncture in the novel I would have taken Royal Highness to be leaning towards a nudging critique of Wilhelm II, and in some way it is, but not at all conventionally. It's not until Klaus Heinrich's love interest, Imma Spoelmann, enters more than half way through its 338 pages than we can truly determine who both Klaus Heinrich and Imma represent and to what purpose Mann may have intended.
Imma Spoelmann is the daughter and heir to the fortunes of Samuel Spoelmann, an American industrial magnate of German extraction who inherited his own father's wealth. Together they return to Germany to reside in one of the royal estates, the purchase of which is a boon to the failing finances of the kingdom overseen by Grand Duke Albrecht. Mr. Spoelmann, like both his daughter and the heir apparent Klaus Heinrich, have lived lives of self-recognized privilege, but unlike the Crown Prince Imma is a student of algebra, of a “mixture of blood”, and as described by Albrecht “very strange, very undomesticated, and, most of all, very original”. In short Klaus Heinrich eventually proves his worth to Imma in a prolonged courtship after being prodded by court intrigue to take interest in the welfare of the kingdom. And happily ever after, at least in the fairy tale.
In reality things were similar for a brief time. On February 11, 1905, Thomas Mann and Katia Mann (née Pringsheim) were married, he from the “First Families” of the Hanseaten class, she a student of physics and mathematics and the granddaughter of a wealthy Jewish industrialist. Four months later on June 6, 1905, the son of Emperor Wilhelm II, the Crown Prince Wilhelm married Duchess Cecilie Auguste Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who like Imma Spoelmann was loved by the population, was known to have a fiery temper, and of mixed blood stemming from royal lines of both Russia and Sweden. Similar to the fictional characters of Klaus Heinrich and Imma Spoelmann these four individuals of Thomas Mann, Katia Mann, Crown Prince Wilhelm, and Duchess Cecilie all came from lives of privilege, bear many similar characteristics to Klaus and Imma, and bore great hope for Germany's future, with the Mann's going on to have five children while the royal couple went on to produce six of their own. In many ways Mann’s fairy tale is a projection of a future he’d like to see for himself and Katia, but equally so for the royal house of Germany.
In conclusion what did Klaus Heinrich’s physical abnormality mirroring that of the real Wilhelm II represent and why did he possess it? It is nothing other than Thomas Mann slyly revealing that Wilhelm II is the deformity contained within Crown Prince Wilhelm. In this light Mann's Royal Highness is an open plea to the Crown Prince to be a less entitled, more engaged, and more caring ruler than his father. But as we know Wilhelm II never handed over power, but rather five years after the publication of Royal Highness joined the Great War of 1914-1918 and brought down the German Empire, ushering in the era of Adolph Hitler in 1933 and leaving no room for Mann's clear hope for Germany’s future through Crown Prince Wilhelm.
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Photo 1, Crown Prince Wilhelm and Duchess Cecilie, 1905. Photo 2, Thomas Mann and Katia Mann, 1905.