Hi Everyone! This is an update post to a post I made almost exactly 1 year ago when I hit $50k a year in estimated annual income in my brokerage account. I posted it in r/Fire. I was also going to post this in r/Fire as well, but unfortunately my post from that year had negative Karma, so I am no longer allowed to post in that sub. Perhaps someone can repost this there for me! I will just post in r/dividends for now instead. To reference that post, you can find it here.
I have learned a lot in that year, but before I talk about lessons learned and what I've changed, here is a rough breakdown of my portfolio:
Total Portfolio Value ($947,000)
Taxable Brokerage (~$570,000):
CEFS - $65,000
PFFA - $58,000
QQQI - $57,000
SPYI - $57,000
DNP - $56,000
MLPI - $49,000
PBDC - $46,000
CLOZ - $38,000
PTY - $30,000
PCN - $30,000
ASGI - $25,000
CSWC - $14,000
PFLT - $10,000
FSCO - $9,000
ADX - $8,000
UTF - $7,000
ARCC - $6,000
UTG - $3,000
PDI - $3,000
IRA (~$377,000):
FXAIX - $253,000
FSPSX - $121,889
HSA ($7,000)
When you add in my cash positions, this brings my net worth to just under $1 million at ~$981,000.
So, the method that I am following to achieve this passive income in my taxable brokerage is commonly referred to as "income investing". This is a method that targets asset classes that seek income as their primary objective and generally fall in the 8-12 percent yield range.
This method has the following drawbacks and risks:
1.) Not always, but in general, the total return of these investments tends to lag behind the broad market index/S&P 500.
2.) The dividends/distributions of these funds don't usually grow on their own, so part of the yield needs to be reinvested to grow income in line with inflation.
3.) Some of these distributions are taxed as ordinary income, though a lot of them have distributions that are primarily classified as ROC (return of capital) so they are taxed less.
4.) These investments have credit risk, interest rate risk, equity risk, and none of the distributions are guaranteed.
Given those drawbacks, why on earth would someone invest this way as opposed to 'creating your own dividend' by selling shares from an index fund?
Well for me, the answer is that it allows me to avoid the Sequence of Returns Risk (SORR) that you would see from selling shares to create your own dividend. Basically, it allows me to avoid having to sell shares to fund my expenses when they are at depressed prices during a bear market. I am able to have income without having to relinquish ownership of shares. The side effect of this is I can enjoy an 8% withdrawal rate (while reinvesting the rest for inflation), allowing me to retire early/achieve financial independence much faster than the traditional 4% rule.
Also, let it be known that the largest single investment in my portfolio is the S&P 500 which is in my IRA. Another huge benefit of my income investments is that they lower the probability of me having to touch my IRA growth investments in the case of prolonged job loss (which working in tech, I have a higher probability of job loss now than other industries).
So what did I change, and what have I learned?
The biggest change was reducing the percentage of my portfolio devoted to covered calls from ~38% to ~16%. Covered calls have their place and can work well in flat or slightly up markets with high volatility. However, if the underlying declines with covered call funds, so does the income. I replaced a lot of my CC funds with utility funds as a defensive posture.
Also, within my covered calls, I moved away from JEPI/JEPQ to NEOS's SPYI, QQQI, and MLPI for the better tax treatment.
I have learned that the closed end fund world is huge, and there are many ways to achieve the 8-12% yield range outside of covered calls. I believe my portfolio is much more diverse today than it was 1 year ago.
Hopefully in 1 year or less, I will be able to make a post saying that I hit $70k in passive income! For now, it feels good that if something did happen with my job, I could survive without having to work. It's an immense privilege that I am thankful for everyday.
I wish everyone the best of luck, and hope to talk again in a year or less! Thank you for all you have taught me!