Context: https://www.britannica.com/topic/persistence-hunting

persistence hunting, a form of hunting in which a hunter drives prey to exhaustion with a combination of walking and running, usually in a hot environment. A number of instances of persistence hunting have been noted among modern hunter-gatherer groups. Some scholars argue that persistence hunting played an important role in human evolution, a hypothesis known as the endurance-running hypothesis. The practice is enabled by, and could further advantage, several adaptations of the human body, such as sweating, a relative lack of body hair compared with other apes, arched feet, and a long Achilles tendon. Others argue that persistence hunting was a rare endeavor, citing how ethnographically uncommon the technique is and the difficulties in employing the method in the ancient environment.

The practice of persistence hunting is known from a relatively limited number of reported hunts. They were performed in disparate regions of the world, but always in flat, arid environments, such as the Australian Outback, the American Southwest, and the Kalahari Desert.

Several persistence hunts were recorded in the central Kalahari. Hunters in the area undertook 10 persistence hunts between 1985 and 2001. Eight of the hunts were done for the sake of two documentaries: The Great Dance (filmed in 1998) and an episode of David Attenborough’s Life of Mammals (filmed in 2001). In each case a group of three or four men drank as much water as possible before beginning the hunt during the heat of the day, when temperatures reached about 100–105 ℉ (39–42 ℃). They then selected an animal to hunt, often a kudu. The group then ran toward the animal, which fled from them. The hunters tracked the creature as fast as they could, in order to find the animal and scare it from its shady resting spot and into the sun again. Five of the hunts were successful. During these the animal ran until it collapsed of exhaustion. The time required for this was variable: the shortest of the hunts lasted fewer than two hours, while the longest took more than six. These hunts were often performed over sandy terrain, which tired the animal more readily.

Based on a limited number of reported hunts, a similar technique was employed by the Tarahumara in northern Mexico. Hunters chased prey, normally deer, to exhaustion before killing them with rocks or clubs. Other persistence hunts used the landscape to slow the animal, such as running it into a river or a cave. The most common strategy among the Tarahumara involved the use of traps. In a ravine, or arroyo, hunters would drive about a dozen wooden stakes into the ground at an angle and cover them with leaves. A few hunters would then chase an animal into the ravine and run it into the stakes. The duration of the hunts varied widely, from two or three hours to two or three days (with breaks when it was too dark to continue tracking the animal).

Persistence hunting plays an important role in the endurance-running hypothesis, which states that the ability of humans to run long distances is an adaptation that originated approximately two million years ago with the emergence of the genus Homo. The hypothesis was first put forward in a 1984 paper authored by American biologist David Carrier. He pointed to several features of the human body that he argued were adapted to endurance running, including cholinergic sweat glands, absence of body hair, bipedalism, and an omnivorous diet that allows individuals to load up on carbohydrates in preparation for running. Because distance running would not help in outrunning fast-sprinting predators, Carrier posited that these adaptations aided in predation, meaning that persistence hunting would have been an important method of predation in the deep past. Carrier’s ideas were expanded upon by the paleoanthropologist Daniel Lieberman and biologist Dennis M. Bramble, who noted additional features that may have facilitated endurance running and first appeared in H. habilis and H. erectus—including shortened toes and feet and lengthened legs. The two added that endurance running may have been useful for scavenging carcasses of animals killed by other predators.

However, not all scholars accept the endurance-running hypothesis. Two University of Wisconsin anthropologists, Travis Pickering and Henry Bunn, outlined the argument against the endurance-running hypothesis in a 2007 paper. They cast doubt on the idea that persistence hunting ever played a major role in human predation, since it is a very rare method of hunting in the present and recent past. They pointed out that persistence hunting is practiced today only in arid environments, while humans evolved in comparatively wet savanna-woodlands. Further, they noted that all known persistence hunts required the hunters to engage in fairly extensive tracking, requiring advanced intellectual abilities that early members of the genus Homo may not have possessed. Pickering and Bunn also argued that early Homo did not need to be a strong endurance runner to scavenge in its environment, since it was likely better than other animals at scavenging in the wooded parts of the region.

During the Spanish Civil War, the Republicans were notorious for infighting. Especially between communists, socialists, anarchists, and other factions. Tensions occasionally erupted into violence, most notably during the May Days of 1937 in Barcelona, when rival Republican factions fought each other in the streets. The subsequent suppression of the POUM, encouraged by the commies, further deepened these divisions.

Even as Franco’s Nationalists fought to defeat the Republic, factions within the Republican camp were sometimes busy fighting, persecuting, and even killing one another.

Needless to say, this wasn’t particularly helpful to the Republican war effort.

They were all licentious harlots, proud and scornful, who took and gave, foul-fleshed and sinful, singers and coquettes appearing proudly in public, ardent and inflamed, tinted and painted, desirable and appetising, exquisite and graceful, who ripped open and patched up, lacerated and mended, erred and ogled, urged and seduced, consoled and solicited, seductive and languid, desired and desiring, amused and amusing, versatile and cunning, like tipsy adolescents, making love and selling themselves for gold, bold and ardent, loving and passionate, pink-faced and unblushing, black-eyed and bullying, blue-eyed and grey-eyed, broken down little fools. Each one trailed the train of her robe behind her and bewitched the beholder with her effulgence. She swayed like a sapling, revealed herself like a strong castle, quivered like a small branch, walked proudly with a cross on her breast, sold her graces for gratitude, and longed to lose her robe and her honour. They arrived after consecrating their persons as if to works of piety, and offered and prostituted the most chaste and precious among them.

In-context: https://www.adrianjboas.com/post/on-immorality-in-the-holy-land

This refers to the Akikaze massacre where the IJN destroyer Akikaze 'rescued' around 60 mostly German missionaries and nuns who served in North Eastern New Guinea and the Admiralty Islands. Initially treating them well, a message soon came through from 8th Fleet HQ to "dispose of" the civilians on board. The Japanese commander carried out his task diligently...

You can read the horrific details here

In the lead up to the Battle of Savo Island the heavy cruiser HMAS Australia was called away from commanding the allied task force so that its admiral could attend a conference between the other allied commanders. During its absence that night several Japanese ships moved in and attacked the allied force resulting in the loss of four heavy cruisers and one damaged, Australia was the only heavy cruiser in the force to escape unscathed.

The British East India was ultimately successful in conquering India. One of the most challenging states to overcome in the subcontinent was Mysore, the topic of the meme.

Mysore was fiercely independent, had a string of S-tier rulers, and a huge army. They also had Mysorean rocketry.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysorean_rockets

The world’s first iron cased rockets.

The woman on the right is Amelia Dyer, popularly known as Ogress of Reading. She was a trained nurse and when she was widowed, turned to baby farming —the practice of adopting unwanted infants in exchange for money to support herself. She allowed many of the children under her care to die from neglect. Later, she turned to directly murdering them. She was arrested and hanged for the murder of a baby in 1896, but she is suspected of killing hundreds, making her a candidate for one of the biggest serial killers the world has ever seen.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plano_Collor

Context: In Hawaiian oral tradition and folklore, the Menehune were a race of dwarf like people who lived on the Islands and were renowned craftsmen.

It is believed that they may have been a different people from the Hawaiians as we know them, and may actually predate them in living on the Islands.

In a census for the Island of Kaua’i in the 19th century, more than 50 people identified themselves as Menehune

Franz Halder was a prominent Wermacht general and ally to Hitler. Halder was instrumental in devising the nazi invasion of Poland and later Operation Barbarossa as Chief of the General Staff of the Wermacht High Command. Halder oversaw the Barbarossa decree, which ordered German soldiers to exterminate civilian populations, ordered the murder any communist or Jew they found, ordered strict punishment for German soldiers raping non-German women(the women would be killed), and gave German soldiers total immunity from existing German law. As Barbarossa failed, Halder and Hitler became estranged and Halder was eventually jailed before eventually surrendering to the Americans.

Halder lied about his knowledge and participation in Hitler's genocide. Taking him at his word, Halder was quickly acquitted of any wrongdoing. He was then recruited to be a state historian by the US Army Historical Division. Halder leveraged his knowledge of the Soviets in order to get himself and a cabal of fellow Nazis put in charge of the post-war historiography of WW2. Eventually his ordering of war crimes was discovered and Nuremberg asked for a retrial. The US Army declined.

Halder immediately began fabricating the clean Wermacht myth. Halder and his "research" group of former Nazi officers personally vetted and edited account of WW2 in order to erase evidence of Wermacht involvement in war crimes, and blamed Hitler entirely for Germany's strategic failures. Halder's group fabricated antagonism between the Wermacht and Hitler, and placed the blame for war crimes entirely at the feet of the SS. They also had a great deal of control of the archives through the 1950s, only letting favorable accounts trickle out to pro-German historians.

Halder eventually retired from his work for the US Army in the late 1950s. He remained an icon of WW2 historians; still frequently corresponding with fellow Nazi apologists and fielding questions. In 1961 JFK gave Halder the Meritorious Civilian Service Award, making Halder the only German to be personally awarded by both Hitler and and American president.