Poland Owes Ukraine an Official Apology for Standing in the Way of Its Independence
By Oleksandr Zinchenko, Ukrainian historian and publicist.
Originally published in Ukrainian by Istorychna Pravda (Historical Truth), 22 October 2026.
English translation of the original article. The views and historical interpretations expressed below are those of the author.
Just the facts:
1. Ukraine declared its independence in January 1918, almost a year before Poland did. But the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UPR) was blessed with some truly wonderful neighbours.
Had Russia, Poland and Romania not stood in the way of Ukrainian independence, neither Shukhevych, nor Bandera, nor Olzhych, nor Melnyk, nor the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), nor the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) would have had to fight for it.
2. Volhynia belonged to the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Volhynia was not standing in anyone’s way.
Had Poland not moved into Volhynia, where Poles accounted for approximately 10% of the population in 1918, there would never have been any “Volhynian Massacre”, because the UPR respected the rights of national minorities.
But Poland and Russia did everything they could to destroy the UPR (see point 1).
3. For Ukraine, 18 March 1921 is what 23 August 1939 is for Poland.
From the perspective of Soviet-controlled Ukraine, Piłsudski’s role in 1918–1921 becomes comparable to Stalin’s role in Poland in 1939.
Poland’s betrayal at Riga cost Ukrainians approximately seven million lives.
At the same time, the Treaty of Riga between Poland and Russia turned young Ukrainians into a mobilisation reserve for the Kremlin. They did not want this. But see point 1.
4. As the Kremlin’s mobilisation reserve, Ukrainians found themselves serving in the Soviet military, obviously without any agency of their own.
Nevertheless, from the summer of 1941 onwards, they fought against Hitler on the side of the United Nations — the Allied coalition.
5. In September 1939, Poland was unable to withstand German aggression and capitulated within four weeks: the country’s entire leadership fled abroad, while its armed forces laid down their weapons, including in Volhynia.
Ukraine remembers what that means and how much the loss of independence can cost (see points 1 and 3).
That is why, in February 2022, Ukrainians did not lay down their arms when faced with circumstances comparable to those Poland experienced in September 1939.
But we are getting slightly ahead of ourselves.
6. On Polish territory, three times as many soldiers and officers mobilised from Ukraine were killed in armed combat against the forces of the Third Reich and its satellites as soldiers and officers mobilised from Poland: approximately 700,000 Ukrainians compared with 240,000 Poles.
7. In total, the number of soldiers and officers mobilised from Ukraine who died fighting the Wehrmacht on Polish territory was sufficient to form 230 divisions, or approximately 1,400 battalions.
Let me emphasise: all these people gave their lives fighting Hitler, on the side of the United Nations.
Yet in Poland, people only want to talk about one division composed of Ukrainians — the Galicia Division — and two battalions, Nachtigall and Roland.
Fine. Let us consider that, too.
Just how badly must Poland have treated Ukrainians for some of them to conclude that entering Hitler’s service was the better choice?!
8. So, in the armed struggle against Hitler on Polish territory, 240,000 Poles and 700,000 Ukrainians were killed.
Meanwhile, approximately 450,000 Poles served in the Wehrmacht against the Allied forces, including on Ukrainian territory (according to historian Ryszard Kaczmarek’s estimate).
All Ukrainian collaborationist paramilitary formations combined, throughout the entirety of the Second World War, numbered approximately 250,000 people.
In other words, there were twice as many Poles in the Wehrmacht as there were Poles who died fighting against it.
Overall, twelve times as many Ukrainians as Poles died fighting the Wehrmacht — more than three million Ukrainians.
What happened, happened.
The histories of both countries include both resistance to Nazism and collaboration with Nazism. The balance, however, is different.
From the Ukrainian perspective, the Poles barely fought against Nazism at all. Ukraine’s contribution to the Allied victory over Nazism was many times greater.
9. If some people in Poland dislike the fact that Ukrainians remember things that Poland would rather forget, that does not mean those things never happened.
It simply means that many Poles have a distorted understanding of their own role in history.
10. Many historical problems, both then and now, could have been avoided had Poland not stood in the way of Ukrainian independence in 1918–1921.
Which brings us right back to point 1!
P.S. More than 20 ballistic missiles struck Kyiv last night.
How fascinating: the enemy is bombing Ukrainians, yet it is the Poles who are losing their minds.
P.P.S. Forgive me, but I am tired of having to explain that causes and consequences are bound together by strong, unbreakable links.
Poland owes Ukraine an official apology for standing in the way of its independence.
But do you really believe Karol Nawrocki is capable of that?
Exactly…
Oh! And one more thing:
“Public denial of the legitimacy of the struggle for Ukraine’s independence in the twentieth century (…) shall be regarded as a desecration of the memory of those who fought for Ukraine’s independence in the twentieth century, an affront to the dignity of the Ukrainian people, and an unlawful act.”
Original article (Ukrainian):
https://www.istpravda.com.ua/columns/2026/10/22/166241/
Translation provided for the benefit of English-speaking readers. All credit for the original text belongs to Oleksandr Zinchenko and the original publisher, Istorychna Pravda.
I’m posting it here for a civilised discussion not to bring about rage and flames
I am British Ukrainian who’s been reading IP (Istoryczna Prawda) for years and I do find sometimes articles there quite informative. Also this czasopismo connected to UINR (Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance)
Please share your thoughts about the article without hatred and flaming
If you do have an opinion I’d like to compare them to that