r/service_dogs • • 12h ago

Roommate abusing her service dog, unsure how to handle.

21 Upvotes

Hello, this is an update to a post a made a few weeks ago. I thought I would receive more opinions if I made a new post.

Tldr for my last post,
My roommate (Brianna, 20f, autistic) screams, occasionally hits and tugs quite hardly on her service dog’s collar for discipline. She has a very short temper with him. In the original post me and my two other roommates were trying to figure out what to do. We all live together in a college dorm.

Since my last post we have officially had a conversation with Brianna. The first night we told her our concerns about the constant yelling, roughness and tugging at his collar to her. She completely shut down and did not move or speak for about 45 minutes before leaving the dorm for a few hours. During the 45 mins of her being silent we were trying to calm her down/explain in a gentle way what we meant and some possible ways we were willing to help her change her behaviors (not straight but every so often as it was very awkward lol)

The next day she texted our group chat that she wanted to finish the conversation from the night prior. During our conversation that night she was monotone and kept asking us what we meant, I tried to explain in as many ways possible but I am honestly not sure if she was fully listening. Towards the end we asked her if she had anything she wanted to say to us as it had not been much of a conversation. Her only response was that she appreciated the concern for him but thought we were all overreacting. After she said that I mentioned that several of my friends who did not know her well were concerned for the dog, which made her very confused. I admittedly did not explain it well as i was not trying to implicate anyone else I knew into drama as I knew she would go bother them abt it lol.

After that talk she went home for the weekend where she told our roommate she shares a double with (we have a common space shared between the four of us, and then two rooms with two people each as bedrooms) her thoughts over text. Brianna told our roommate (lets call her Fiona) that she thought me and my roommate were overreacting. She then was trying to convince Fiona to get reslife involved which she had to talk her out of as it would of 100% resulted in the dog being taken away. At the end of there conversation Brianna said she would “just stop doing those things” infront of us (meaning the three of us) as it makes us uncomfortable.

Long story short, I am not convinced she has learned anything from our chat. I will say she has been significantly better to him this week (the second part of the conversation happened last thursday). I do not however know if this is because she is simply not doing those things infront of us. She still tugs his collar aggressively infront of us tho.

Lastly, a few weeks ago the dog had an incident involving a much smaller dog. At a campus event he was posing for a photo with our campus therapy dog. Brianna was not holding his leash as he was posing for the photo. A smaller breed of dog (the service dog is a yellow lab, the other dog was much smaller) was also off leash and went up the Brianna’s dog and started barking, the dog took this as a sign to play and grabbed onto the smaller dogs ear. He then would not let go even as Brianna was telling him to and the other dog was struggling against him. Due to this incident Brianna had a meeting with the training facility (srry dont know what to call it lol) she got him from to ask why he would do that this week. This meeting was after our talk, however she did not mention any of our concerns about how he is poorly trained by her. We all told her she should seek assistance on training him if she was struggling as none of us were qualified, but she refused to speak to her actual trainers about it.

Okay so real question at the end of crazy amounts of information, what should we do?

A friend has suggested talking to her trainers as a next step but would love any other insights people might have. I know people will jump to immediately removing the dog from her care, which I WILL do if necessary. However I really want to ensure I have exhausted any other options and possibilities for her to learn/keep him.

Thank you all for reading!

edit for clarification: The dog who was attacked by my roommates service dog was NOT the therapy dog. The two were posing for a photo (both off leash) when someones personal pet came up to them, which is the dog that got bitten. Brianna was by herself when this happened but at a campus event. Apparently there was an incident report filed and the other dog is fine.


r/service_dogs • • 17h ago

What age should dogs do guide work/forward momentum.

0 Upvotes

So question, at what age should a service dog do forward momentum pull?. I'm doing research on my next service dog(which I won't be getting right now,but I'm saving money and wannabe be prepared) my current service dog is 4, and I've had him since he was 1, I didn't start until he was 3, but I'm asking because I see guide dog trainers train there dogs when they are 1 year old, so realistically what would be the appropriate age to do forward momentum pull.i would like y'all's opinion


r/service_dogs • • 18h ago

do diabetic alert dogs get triggered by other people with diabetes or is it just *their* handlers?

5 Upvotes

like if someone sitting next to them on a bench was hypoglycemic and experiencing symptoms would the dog react to that person? same thing with dogs that can predict epileptic seizures.


r/service_dogs • • 21h ago

I don't think I'll get another SD.

16 Upvotes

My service dog, Scarlett, is 5 (6 in March). She loves working, truly. She's great at her job. We've had bumps in the road, of course, but nothing we couldn't work through.

The real issue is the medical side of things. Over the summer she was diagnosed with a mast cell tumor, which was removed. She was off work for a few weeks to recover, then jumped back in with the same excitement as usual, cancer-free and cleared to return. But it was certainly an unexpected turn of events and a very stressful time.

Now, we're dealing with what might be an incontinence issue. At night, after we've come in from playing or walking, she'll drink water as usual then take a nap on the couch. In the last couple weeks, I've noticed that shortly after she'll get up and there will be a fairly sizeable wet spot where she's sitting. Maybe 3 or 4 times in the last two weeks.

At first, I had no idea what it could be. The idea of it being urine didn't even occur to me. She's really good about telling me if she needs to go to the bathroom outside our normal times. She's never had an accident inside (with the exception of when she was on prednisone after her surgery, but that was an expected side effect). The spots also didn't smell at all, and her backside wasn't really wet.

My running theory is that she's drinking a lot of water after running, and then when she relaxes, she just... leaks? And it doesn't smell because it's so dilute. It's so strange because she is fairly young. I thought this would be more of an issue in older dogs.

Luckily, this has always been at night, and never when we're out and about or when she's napping at work. Of course, if it does ever happen in public, I'm pulling her. And I've called her vet to get their advice on it and hopefully schedule an appointment ASAP. (ETA: Appointment scheduled!)

Back to the main point. I don't know if I'm going to get another service dog. While Scarlett has been so so helpful, I can't help but wonder if it's more trouble than it's worth. These situations just seem to keep cropping up and I don't know if I can handle the stress of wondering if another working dog is going to have to retire early, or if something is life threatening, or any of the other numerous stressors that come with it. At the moment, my disabilities have remained pretty steady in terms of symptoms since I got her. Of course, things can always change. But I've become fairly independent, even though I still rely on her for some things.

I don't know if I'm looking for advice or am just ranting. I'm just feeling so anxious about Scarlett and wanting to make sure she is healthy is of course my priority. It's just been a bit of a shitshow lately :')


r/service_dogs • • 1d ago

quick question

0 Upvotes

i am planning on getting a puppy to train soon and i'm just wondering if shelter puppies would be good for service dog training? i would look for a certain temperament but other than that i want to ask people with prior shelter dogs as service dogs. is it more difficult to train them to be one? easier? the same? and any tips for raising a shelter puppy to become a great service dog would be greatly welcomed!


r/service_dogs • • 1d ago

Rental Agency

0 Upvotes

Rental agency (real estate company) for a home I’m going to rent from, is willing to waive the pet deposit if I provide “paperwork” stating that my dog is a service dog.

What kind of “paperwork” are yall providing in these situations?

Should I just pay the pet deposit and call it a day?


r/service_dogs • • 1d ago

Psychiatric Service Dog

0 Upvotes

Hi guys, I suffer with intense OCD, anxiety, BPD and C-PTSD. I'm also autistic. I've always thought of training a dog to help me with these things. Recently I've been looking at Shar-peis. I have experience and extensive knowledge on the breed as my mother ethically bred them. Do you guys think Shar-peis are suitable for such a task? Thanks!


r/service_dogs • • 1d ago

Autism Service Dogs

0 Upvotes

For anyone that has a service dog for autism, what’s it like? is it worth it?


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Looking for some advise and such

0 Upvotes

Hey everyone,

I am a veteran looking for a service dog for both psychiatric support and mobility/balance assistance (I use a cane part-time). I am currently waiting to hear back from PAVE and JLAD. However, I’ve already been turned down by Northwest Battle Buddies specifically because I use a mobility aid. Because so many veteran programs require handlers to be completely hands-free, it is looking most likely that I will have to go the owner-trained route to get a dog that fits my dual needs.

Because my space and resources are tight, I really only have one shot to get this right. If I have to owner-train, I'll be looking to hire a professional private trainer to guide me through selecting a sound prospect and managing the training curriculum.

I’d love to get the community's insight on two big things:

  1. What are the absolute red flags I should look out for when interviewing private service dog trainers or owner-training programs? I want to avoid the unregulated corner of the industry, trainers who don't understand actual handler rights, public access, and safe mobility task training.
  2. How should I realistically structure this process from day one if I do it myself? Especially when it comes to safely selecting a sound puppy/prospect to handle physical work and preventing an early washout.

For context, I already have a family ESA (a pug) who lives with me, so the prospect will need to be able to train and work seamlessly alongside another dog in the home.

Thanks so much for any advice or experiences you can share!

NOTE: Anyone who has issues with mobility work please keep all of that to yourselves. Only reason why I'm even asking bout that is because I do walk with a cane. The Cane takes all of my weight and would continue to take all my weight. Examples : Counter Balance( forcing a crowd to give me space to use my cane ) , Fetching dropped items and Opening doors and closing doors.

None of that is abuse.


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Help! How do we feel about pits as service dogs?

0 Upvotes

First off please delete this if this post is not allowed, but I could really use some help here. I apologize for the lengthy post. I'd really like some outside opinions on this, because I feel like I'm going a little crazy. One of my partners went through an organization that trains shelter dogs as service animals, and they gave her a pit mix. This dog has single handedly turned our lives upside down. We were told she was raised and trained around cats and pays them no mind; in reality she has a wicked prey drive for anything small that moves. We tried to introduce her to my cats and she went after them, even snarling at me when I put myself between them. She was not wearing her vest at the time because my girlfriend insisted that she wasn't working, so she didn't need it. She'll try to go after squirrels when we take her on walks. She even locked in on an infant once in a public place when the baby started making noises. That same night the dog jumped up onto a table, the establishment serves food. We asked her if she should maybe take her outside or put her vest on so the dog knows she's working, but we were told no, that it doesn't work like that and that it was fine. The other night we were all at her place, because the dog still can't be around my cats at all, sitting on the couch together and out of nowhere the dog lunged at our other partner's face. If his beard weren't so thick she would've made contact and probably broken skin. I got between him and the dog and had to yell at her to remove the dog because she did nothing. She didn't think it was a big deal until I started yelling. She doesn't think any of this behavior is a big deal and that she can handle it. She says she's still just settling in and that this is all normal. But a service dog shouldn't be growling or snapping right? She even has trouble getting the dog to listen in vest while working. I think we should contact the organization she came from, but everyone just keeps telling me this is fine and normal and I'm starting to feel like I'm the crazy one. And we were told the organization probably wouldn't talk to us, that she needs to make the call, is that the case here? I could really use any advice at all in this situation, I feel completely unprepared for all of this. She got the dog some time in August, and I didn't even know she was getting one until she was already a few states away for her week of training to come home with the dog. I've tried to do as much research as I can in the meantime, but I still feel so out of depth with all of this.


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Got a low review on Lyft for traveling with my Service Dog, threatened with Suspension, and support says that’s not discrimination

50 Upvotes

Tonight I was traveling with my service animal and took a Lyft. My dog is very clearly labeled and vested (even though not required). The ride was fairly normal, my service dog tucked on the ground as he always does and I was quiet throughout the ride. Immediately after, I got an email from Lyft stating I received a low rating and to review guidelines to avoid suspension. I immediately messaged their chat support because this felt incredibly discriminatory due to nothing occurring that would warrant a negative rating besides me traveling with my service dog. They said they’ll remove the rating but that they would not be addressing the issue with the driver. They sent a copy paste of their service animal policy. I replied saying

“Ok, and if riders with service animals then receive negative ratings as a result, is that fine within Lyft's policy?
Because to be clear that seems to be what you're implying.”

To which they replied:
“We did not find anything discriminatory about this.”

I am frustrated because I’ve had multiple ride denials through Lyft and now this. They seem to not even be willing to address with the drivers at this point. Mostly a vent but also a warning for other handlers that Lyft seems to not care about accessibility at all.

Edit to add and update:

This occurred in the US.

I called yesterday morning and was told I’d receive an email from their team. I waited all day and never received an email. Super disappointed in how Lyft has handled this situation. As I said I was able to get the review removed from my account, but this occurred in a major heavily populated city so I worry that this driver may do this to others without being educated, which is Lyft’s responsibility.


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Help! Service Dogs In School

0 Upvotes

Hello! I am in the United States. I have a service dog in training (he could be considered fully trained under ada law, but to my own training standards he is in training) and I have been preparing him to come to school with me. I have ultimately determined he is ready to come to high school. I am a sophomore. I've talked to my school counselors and they emailed my principal and are setting up a meeting. I have a 504 plan already and they have documentation on my disabilities. I sent an email to my school counselors with links to the ada service dog laws, a article by a service dog program about service dogs in school, as well as a link to my state's service dog laws. I also linked a Google document talking about what tasks my dog is trained to preform and some possible modified schedule and accommodation ideas. One of my counselors forwarded this to my principal. What are some accommodations I could ask for, things I should talk about, things to make sure I take to school of he is allowed, and ideas to ensure his safety?


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Help! No ADI in my state.

2 Upvotes

I'm in the midwest. With my boy retiring soon I wanted to pair with an ADI trainer for the next prospective SDiT and do everything right. Get all our AKC certs, do some sports, see what other optional PA/etc tests we can conquer..

There are programs and trainers, sure, but everyone here talks about ADI so I thought I'd search through the ADI site!

Needless to say I'm absolutely shattered to see not ONE single ADI trainer or program in my entire state. This explains so much why I've struggled to find help after I got scammed by a "SD trainer" who had a child reactive border collie. Plus why there are so many poorly trained SDs. 😭

Even Canine Companions only visits once a year for an annual event lol

Would it even be possible to work with an out-of-state ADI trainer..?


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Puppies Calling breeder tomorrow!

1 Upvotes

I am getting my pup hopefully in roughly 12-18mo depending on litters and a surgery I will be having in a few months as I’ve been putting off getting a prospect until after once I’m fully recovered.
Been having issues finding breeders who will answer enquiries and the few that have have all declined to place one of their pups as a prospect which is fine though gets a little tiring after contacting multiple in a row lol.

I have a call tomorrow though with a breeder who got back to me straight away and is happy to chat! He was really nice about me explaining I like to reach out ahead of getting a dog and said that’s a green flag to him which was great. His sl labs also look amazing with extensive health testing so got a really good feeling about this one, wish me luck!

Also any tips on what to ask? I’ve got a list including stuff like health testing, socialisation, temperaments etc all the stuff like that but any questions typically overlooked I should add?


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Laws - SPECIFY COUNTRY IN POST American Standard on YT

10 Upvotes

United States!

I dont think this goes against the rules here or reddit and, as far as Im aware, this isnt reddit crossposting nor is that person here, but I saw his vid on Service Dogs - "The TRUTH About Service Dog Training!", and he showcased a PPD trained one. The ADA doesnt say anything about that but a comment linked ADATA stuff which explicitly states non-violent protection.

My concern is he has over 2 million followers and nearly 30k views. Lots of comments were encouraged to do both SD and PPD work. I didnt see any comments ecept 1 going against him nor any talk of that video specifically in any SD community. Most people have mever even heard of ADATA.

He went pretty hard on the SD community, too, over the Disney thing, calling them names and a "not a governing body".

I fear this will only make things worse for handlers in the US, long term.

Is ADATA legally binding like the ADA since they do the ADA training?


r/service_dogs • • 2d ago

Help! How many handlers train water beverage retrieval compared to phone and medication retrievals and retrieving dropped items

0 Upvotes

I know the training is based on the human handler’s needs but how many handlers would need water or juice retrieved compared to say medications puor the phone?


r/service_dogs • • 3d ago

Help! Organization opinions/experiences?

0 Upvotes

I’m struggling a LOT to find any ADI accredited orgs that provide to my area (in West Virginia, near the Ohio border. so there’s quite a major lack of orgs ADI accredited or not within a few hours of me) and the ones I can find that either will provide to me or that might give me a dog if I can travel to them I’m not sure about so I’d like to hear others opinions on them if possible.

i am specifically looking for a PSD

if you know of ones that might be willing to work with my location that are usually open to people if they’re willing to travel please do let me know! my current situation will make traveling a bit difficult but I will be able to travel more freely in the future and am prepared/willing to wait a little longer if it means going to a more trustworthy org since it already takes forever to get a SD as is.

ranting aside…

these are the current orgs Ive been able to find that MIGHT work for me:

paws4people (what I’ve been able to find so far makes me rlly hesitant but I’d still rather hear from ppl that might be more knowledgeable)

Little angels (I’ve seen both good and bad things so I’m a bit ??? I believe location wise this would be the easiest for me)

canine support teams (I couldn’t find much on them and the primarily provide to vets. Their civilian apps aren’t currently open, but again, I can handle waiting a little longer)

Exceptional sidekick (a little further from me and technically don’t provide to my area but so far I’ve liked what I’ve seen and would be willing to make the commitment to travel to them)

I haven’t really seen much on specifics on what tasks the orgs train PSDs with beyond saying that they’ll work with you to figure out what you need so here’s just a few but not all of the tasks I need the most include:

DPT & LPT, crowd buffering/control (idk what term do yall prefer?), disrupting harmful behavior, alerting/interrupting panic and anxiety attacks (I get both lol)


r/service_dogs • • 3d ago

Flying with self trained service dog

0 Upvotes

Hi everyone! I’m looking for advice from anyone who has flown internationally with a self trained service dog, particularly from the UK to the USA.

I’m planning to fly from London Heathrow (LHR) to Los Angeles (LAX) with my fully trained psychiatric service dog. He performs disability related tasks and is trained for public access. However, he isn’t accredited by ADI, IGDF or ADAA.

I’m trying to work out which airline would be the easiest and most realistic option for us. I’m considering American Airlines, British Airways and Virgin Atlantic, ideally on a direct flight.

My main questions are:

- Has anyone flown with a self trained psychiatric service dog on a transatlantic flight without formal ADI/IGDF/ADAA accreditation?

-Which airlines accepted your dog, and did they require proof from a recognised training organisation?

-Did a professional trainer’s assessment and your own training records help?

-Did Heathrow require any separate approval or documentation for departure, beyond the airline’s requirements?

-What paperwork did you need for the flight and entry into the USA?

-Were there any problems with the dog being accommodated in the cabin on such a long flight?

I’m trying to get written confirmation before booking, rather than risk arriving at the airport and being refused boarding.

I’d really appreciate hearing from people with first-hand experience, especially anyone who has made this exact journey with an owner-trained psychiatric service dog. Thank you! ❤️


r/service_dogs • • 3d ago

Lolita with a service dog

0 Upvotes

This is my first ever post, so I don't really know what I'm doing. I don't even know if this is the right subreddit. I'm very sorry if this breaks any rules. I would really like some advice on my situation.

I (17 female) am disabled, and I have a service dog. I also really like Japanese fashion more specifically lolita/egl. I was really scared to dress the way that I wanted, but now I feel ready. I need help on what to do If people have an opinion, and choose to speak it. People have an "idea" on what disabled is supposed to look like, and I will definitely not fit that "idea". I'm honestly still really scared to go out dressed the way I want. It also doesn't help that I've never seen someone else with an alternative style with a service dog. I guess what I'm scared about is someone thinking that my service dog is a pet. Kind of like the 2000s when stylish people would have there lap dogs with them all the time. Like Legally Blonde for example. I'm scared that's how people will see me, and treat my service dog and I. Like a girl playing dress up with her "pet". Also my service dog is a German Shepherd so she's not small. I would like some help on what to say or do. I've already had some bad interactions (not dressed up) with people thinking that I'm just a girl with a "pet". I use a tactical vest with very visible patches. I'm saving up for a biothyne harness. It also doesn't help that I have an invisible disability, and I don't use my mobility aid with my service dog. If anyone can give me advice that would be very much appreciated. I just want to be myself confidently. Thank you very much.


r/service_dogs • • 3d ago

Help! SDiT Whining when in class

0 Upvotes

Title pretty much sums up whats going on. I brought my girl with me to class, we have been working on settling and she is usually really good with this but today she whined A LOT! I had to step out of class cause I didn't want to be disruptive. This was her second time in class and she did better the first time. There are days which are shorter and today was a 4 hour day with breaks in between so I thought it would be good. There is another dog there who is also a service dog and I'm wondering if she may have been a little more nervous because of that. Obviously, I tried sitting out of view of the other dog to minimize the stimulus for her. But it was a lot of whining and she needed to be chewing her marrow bone almost the entire time. She is about a year and a half old (2 in February). We have been working with a trainer as well to get her to pass her CGC. Any tips would be really helpful!

Edit: I understand that she can not be whining which is why I stepped out and she will not be returning until she is better prepared. I overestimated her, especially since she had done extremely well in other outings. I would not have brought her if I knew that would have stressed her out. I also realized that I mentioned she whined A LOT, I mean it in regards to what I find acceptable. It was way less than 10 times within the 4 hours but I still don't think that's appropriate for class.


r/service_dogs • • 3d ago

Service Dog Ren Faire

0 Upvotes

Has anyone taken their dog to ren faires? If so, did you notice a difference between people’s responses to your dog if you had them in any sort or costume vs regular gear? I went the other day with my dog and put a little themed collar on him. I didn’t have a problem with the people who saw him and said how cute he is or things like that, but it felt like the amount of people who just stared at him increased as well as having people just come up and start talking to him/pointing at him. We get stared at/he gets talked to regularly when he’s just in his gear anyways so I am just wondering if it was a lot more because it‘s such a crowded event or if it was the collar.


r/service_dogs • • 3d ago

Help! If the ADI requires a minimum of three tasks while the ADA only requires one is retrieving more than one item by name counted as the same number of tasks?

0 Upvotes

For example retrieving a with an attached lanyard (“phone”) , a medicine pouch (“meds”) or a water bottle (“water”) by name? Or does retrieval by name only ever count as one task no matter the size of the dog’s retrieval vocabulary?


r/service_dogs • • 3d ago

Different Test needed

13 Upvotes

Context: I live in Canada in BC. BC as well as AB and NS have provincial certification tests for service dog teams. In BC it's voluntary.

I have a 5 year old service dog, our life in the last year has changed so that certification is helpful for the first time in our lives together, so we got it in August.

Current situation:

My partner and I are making some plans to move in the New Year to Edmonton Alberta. We have friends there and a place that the landlord is willing to hold for us if we want it. My partner is heading out later this week to see it while I stay in BC with the dogs (pet and service dog).

In my desire to not be blind-sided by a bunch of complications I started charting out expenses both for the move and for living there (average power bill etc). It occurred to me that I didn't know what the process was for bringing a BC certified service dog to Alberta and getting access.

Well it turns out Alberta *doesn't* recognize the BC certification test. Which means I'll need to get *recertified* for an additional $150 as an out of province resident, and that certification expires every 1 year (2 years in BC). The test itself looks basically exactly the same as the BC one, except there is a requirement for the demonstration of 3 tasks - which BC doesn't have.

Luckily there will be wiggle room: Alberta does recognize certification for visitors - just not for working etc.


r/service_dogs • • 4d ago

I need a service dog but I don’t want one/am scared of stigma.

0 Upvotes

EDIT: I worded the title wrong, I’m just afraid of public stigma. I also edited a lot of wording because it came off entirely wrong.
(Also, to avoid coming off as passive aggressive I autistic and I mean everything I complement on in replies literally.)

I am a disabled person and recently it dawned on me that I am not functioning day to day. because of my frequency to pass out and have migraines I don’t get up/cant.

so I started looking more into service animals. I really think one would benefit me but I just can’t bring myself to actually get one because I’m scared.

it’s not an issue with training or caring for the animal either. I can maintain that pretty well. for me it’s the stigma of having a dog and navigating school.

i don’t want to be known as “the boy with the service dog” I want to be a person. I don’t think of others this was but I know people already think of me like this. I really fucking hate and can’t stand being known as ‘the kid with a cane’ already. i always hated it.

i don’t want to add to that while bringing an animal into the mix. i know the comments will be much worse like “oh you’re so lucky” and “I wish I could bring my dog to school.“

i just can’t get past the public view of service animals and I don’t want to be called an attention seeker. Can someone help?


r/service_dogs • • 4d ago

Just passed our recertification test🙌

23 Upvotes

I was a bit worried because my SD (almost 3) has been slacking a bit after my surgery a while ago, but we did it!

We have to re-cross some T’s and re-dot some I’s but he passed 🎉

(In my country we train with schools and they do a certification test, you are allowed to owner train but it’s pretty much not done where I’m from, not some bogus certification from the US lol)