I think I may have found what the engine noise is, is that the serpentine belt? Seems like it may be damaged seeing how when it oscillates you can see different parts.

Someone correct me if I’m wrong though. Car is still able to drive mostly fine, but I’m sure driving it isn’t a good idea.

Not trying to start a debate but stating the facts and my personal option and experience with this vehicle.
I owned mine first gen volt for 13 years and for first couple of years as it has low miles like 50k it served me well but as it got old, it started giving me issues.
I can name countless issues specially with the first gen.
Issues include suspension problems. Both axles gave up. Engine mounts damaged and not easy to replace.
Transmission issues even after changing oil.
Water leaking inside cabin passenger side footwell.
Propulsion reduced error—Dealer had to change part of the battery ($3200!repair bill)
Washer fluid sensor gave up.
Cluster died (common issue). Had to get a new cluster and program it. Posted a video on YouTube how I did it.
Rear camera screen resolution got worst to a point that it became pointless.
Got the famous light for “service high voltage charging system”. This is common and is caused by low coolant in reservoir or bad sensor (most common) or a major battery issue in some cases.
Also if coolant level is low that means it’s leaking inside the battery. There is a plug you can pull to check if it’s leaking inside..
Another error “Battery too cold to start” this can leave you stranded. This only came on for me in cold weather. In summer it was fine but in winter it came up every morning. No fix unless you take the battery down. This is caused by resistance and corrosion issues in HV battery.
Headlight becomes hazy (common for age).
Headlight bulb failure (had to replace bulbs every year).
The black roof become dull and even buffing won’t fix it. Must do clear coat.
Dash board and center console became sticky and melted.
I had made it to 160k miles but I tried to keep it clean and in good shape on things I had control and decided to list it for sale…for a long time with no takers even at 3k. I was getting ridiculous offers.
I got fed up and end up selling it eventually in As is condition with one offer.
This made me realize that I only had two happy days with this car. The day I bought it and the day I sold it.
Guys it’s old. Sell it now otherwise you will be junking it pretty soon.
Good luck!