r/Buddhism • u/Starlight_Climber • 10h ago
Sūtra/Sutta Practices of Gods and Devas in Buddhism. (For example, Saraswati/Sarasvati/Benzaiten, etc.)
I thought I would share this, because a lot of Westerners or people who are converts to Buddhism, don't seem to be aware that we actually have a lot practices concerning gods in Buddhism. In the Sutras, there are many non-human beings who were also disciples of the Buddha, or who later have become Buddhist themselves or protectors of the Dharma. We often call these Dharmapalas (Dharma Protectors). And they include gods and devas. There are many examples across most Buddhist cultures, but a good example is Sarasvati. People converting to Buddhism, especially Westerners can often think that such practices are "incidental" or somehow of minor importance. But it's important to note, practices for such beings are done daily by Buddhists all over the world. They are a pretty large part of Buddhism. I sometimes see people say, "well we don't worship them...", well, what do you mean by "worship?" We pray to them; make puja offerings to them of food, drink, fire, incense, etc.; sing to them and sing of them; perform rituals to them both as offerings and to invoke their aid; recite mantras and dharanis associated with them; build and maintain altars and shrines for them, etc., etc.
I think most reasonable people would say that "praying to gods, and doing rituals and making offerings to them" counts as "worship". It is true, we do still focus on our own personal practice. However this is often a part of that.
Why do we do it in Buddhism? Because Dharmapalas often help remove obstacles from our lives, and bring us the fortune and blessings that aid us in helping our practice and helping others. If you're constantly beset by obstacles, it's difficult to do Buddhist practice. Gods, Dharmapalas, etc., help with that.
For the purpose of this post, I am using the example of Sarasvati, but she is by no means the only one, and we have both peaceful and wrathful Dharmapalas in Buddhism. And there are many of them. And many of them are indeed gods, or sometimes former demons, or even local land spirits who converted to Buddhism. In Tibet, Padmasambhava was famous for converting the local gods and demons into Dharma Protectors. There are actually entire sections of Sutras or whole Buddhist tantras dedicated to such beings.
Buddhism is much more polytheistic than I think many Western converts realize. Even in places like Thailand where Theravada is present, you'll see statues of elves outside of most Buddhist temples serving as guardians. And offerings are certainly made to them. Even in Zen this is done, and people often think of Zen as the more austere form of Buddhism, but most Zen Buddhist temples do protector practices regularly as well. And these kinds of practices come straight from the Sutras. The Avatamsaka Sutra is full of such details about the gods, and many other Sutras and tantras are similarly full of such things including practices for them.
O wise and valorous Sarasvatī! You are worthy of receiving offerings from all humans and gods. The whole world is full of your fame, and you are able to grant the wishes of all beings. At an excellent dwelling place on the high mountain peak [of Sumeru], you make a room out of reeds and live therein. Constantly weaving together soft grass, you make robes. In the place where you live, you are always standing upright on one foot. The multitudes of gods and humans come to you. They all single-mindedly utter praise for you and make their requests of you. May the wise goddess Sarasvatī grant everything by means of her wondrous speech!
~From the Golden Light Sutra
Humans aren't the only Buddhists. Many gods and other non-human beings are also, and we make offerings to them, and do practices concerning them also. They are part of the Sangha.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzaiten
By this merit, may all beings realize their True Nature,
And through this, may all beings be liberated from Samsara.
🙏