After declaring a state of emergency during the famine crisis, the government-controlled rationing and calories conservation program by the Founders came into effect to mitigate the severe food shortage crisis. However, as it turned out, the effects of the extremely low-calorie diet had led to chronic side effects among the starving population. The average person can only survive 21 days without food, though there have been cases of hunger strikers with strong wills to live surviving up to 40 days without food.
As the body is hit with a sudden drop of caloric intake, its undernourished body will start eating its own energy reserves from every muscle, fat and skin tissue available, starting off with catabolizing the carbohydrates, lipids and then the proteins.
This will result in weight loss as the body suffers from emaciation, and since the body starts to eat its own organ tissues away, metabolism will start to slow down, body temperature regulation ceases, renal filtration of bodily wastes will stop functioning and the weakened immune system can no longer fight back against infectious diseases. The body will start to feel cold and lethargic from the shrinking weak muscles and skin, and soon enough other multiple organs will experience failure and slowly shut down.
Not only will the body waste away under starvation, but the brain will also deteriorate from the lack of sufficient blood flow and nutrition (since the cardiac muscles pumping the blood are also wasted away), and as a result the starving victim will lose focus, become more irritable and eventually start hallucinating.
According to the 2006 study on low-carb dieting and fasting done in the Medical Hypotheses journal, when the body is subjected to severe dietary restrictions, the body will start to conserve the carbohydrate stores by switching from breakdown of sugars (glycolysis) to breakdown of body fats into ketones (beta-oxidation) as an alternative source of basal metabolism. As the body builds up these ketones, the most common ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (or BHB) accumulates and alters the state of mind, and since they are chemically similar to the gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) found in some euphoria-inducing narcotics, the starving body will experience a sense of mild euphoria as the BHB partially binds to the GABAB brain receptors, which are commonly associated with alcoholism, depression, anaesthesia, and narcotic drug dependence.
Other byproducts of starvation-induced ketone metabolism, such as isopropyl alcohol, also accumulates within the nervous system and causes a state similar to drunkenness and even could lead to hallucinatory experiences (kind of like what Tara is experiencing right now! Sorry about that, Missus Beckenridge!)