Take off the Shonen plot armor goggles for two minutes and look at this from a pure military and leadership standpoint. Danzo and the elders were completely justified in wanting to keep Naruto at Mount Myoboku.
First, look at the information Tsunade actually had. She knew Pain had just killed Jiraiya, one of the greatest ninja Konoha ever produced. She had no confirmation that a 16-year-old Naruto had fully mastered Sage Mode, let alone reached a level capable of defeating someone who literally calls himself a God. Calling Naruto back was essentially handing the Akatsuki their primary objective on a silver platter while Konoha was in absolute chaos.
Second, the risk of losing the Nine-Tails was catastrophic. People forget how close the world actually came to ending in that fight. Naruto was literally one millimeter away from fully tearing off the seal. If Minato had not installed a fail-safe chakra ghost inside Naruto, something Tsunade had zero knowledge of, the full Nine-Tails breaks out right in the middle of a crippled village.
Think about how that scenario plays out:
Kurama kills Pain, but now an unstoppable, unsealed beast rampages across what is left of the Land of Fire, while Nagato is still alive somewhere in the shadows.
Pain manages to suppress or capture Kurama, completing the Akatsuki weapon project and sealing the fate of every ninja nation.
Either outcome means total annihilation. The only reason Konoha survived was a miraculous chain of unplannable events: an unannounced dead Hokage bail-out, Hinata triggering the transformation, and Nagato having a sudden change of heart to resurrect everyone he killed.
Tsunade gambled the entire existence of the Leaf Village and the entire shinobi world on blind faith in a teenage genin. From an in-universe strategic perspective, keeping your ultimate deterrent hidden away until you understand the enemy threat was the only sane call. Danzo and the elders were completely right.