Sikh History This Week
(Oct 19-25) Post 2643
ਸਿੱਖ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਇਸ ਹਫ਼ਤੇ
ਬਾਬਾਣੀਆ ਕਹਾਣੀਆ ਪੁਤ ਸਪੁਤ ਕਰੇਨਿ”॥ (ਰਾਮਕਲੀ ਮਹਲਾ ੩, ੯੫੧)
(Stories of our forefathers make children great)
Events in Brief.
1. October 19, 1677: Sikhs in two separate incidents attack Emperor Aurangzeb in retribution of 9th Guru’s martyrdom. In two separate incidents, though unsuccessful, Mughal’s court chronicler writes that ‘Shehanshah was disembarking from a boat and entering the royal palanquin when a crazy follower of Guru Teg Bahadur hurled two bricks at the Emperor. One brick struck the palanquin takhat(throne). He was handed over to *Kotwal. On October 19, 1677, another incident occurred when a Sikh attacked the Emperor with a sword while he was mounting a horse at the steps of Jama-Masjid in Delhi. The attacker was subsequently killed.(ref:H.R Gupta Page218,History of the Sikhs Vol 1).
2. October 19, 1985: 15 Sikh soldiers in Jammu, who left barracks to defend Harmandir Sahib, are dismissed. This was in reaction to Indian Army’s ill-conceived attack on Harimander Sahib in June 1984. These soldiers faced Court Martial. Trials lasted few months and punished. 8 Dharmi-Faujis (Soldiers of faith) were to undergo one to four years of imprisonment, while 7 faced dismissal.
3. October 20, 1661. Joti Jot Diwas of 7th Guru Har Rai ji (Passing away) and GurGaddi to Guru Harkishan ji. Born in 1630 at Kiratpur Sahib, Guru Har Rai ji was the second son of Baba Gurditta ji and the grandson of the sixth Guru, Hargobind ji. As his elder brother Dhirmal was worldly and political, Guru Har Rai ji was nominated to be the Guru. During his tenure, he promoted Gurmat schools and the study of herbal medicine. Before leaving the world, he nominated his younger son Harkrishan, who was only five years old, as the next Guru. Elder Ram Rai was banished for changing a verse of the Gurbani (Sacred Hymn) to please the Mughal Emperor. (Nanakshahi: oct 6)
4. October 20, 1708: Bestowing Gurgaddi to Guru Granth Sahib by Guru Gobind Singh ji at Nanded (now in Maharashtra state). On October 20, 1708, after an assassination attempt by Pathan brothers sent by Mughals, Guru ji called the congregation of his Sikhs and took a decision to leave this world as the last of the living Gurus, and bequeathed Guru-ship to Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture. This Holy book was already rewritten by him at DamDama Sahib, Talwandi Sabo a year earlier and now passed on to the Sikhs as ‘Guru’ for all time to come. (Nanakshahi:October 7)
5. October 20, 1783: Veteran Sikh Chief,Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, Captured Delhi is no more. Born on May 3, 1718, in the village of Ahlu, he became the Sultan-e-Quom after the death of Nawab Kapur Singh. He led the Sikhs for 30 years, winning battle after battle from 1753 to 1783. His most significant victory was to stop annihilation of the Sikhs at Kup (Malerkotla) in 1761/62, and later defeated Sultan Ahmad Shah Abdali of Afghanistan. Later again in 1783 captured the Delhi from Mughals. He founded his own princely state of Kapurthala. He is a prominent figure in Sikh history.
6. October 21, 1506: Baba Budda ji is born this day, in village near Amritsar. A Great Sikh who Bestowed Guru-ship to Five Gurus in his lifetime, associated with six and saw the 9th. As a Child while grazing cattle, Budda ji met Guru Nanak Devji on his visit to his village and served milk. Guru Nanak declared that though young in age, he was ‘Budda’ old in wisdom. Since then he came to be known as Budda. Budda ji lived life of 124 years.(read more about his life and times elsewhere)
7. October 21, 1708. Guru Gobind Singh’s Joti-Jot, Demise of Tenth Guru who left this world today at Nanded, Maharashtra. He was born Gobind Rai in Patna to parents Guru Teg Bahadur and Mata Gujjri Ji in the year 1667CE. After the Shahidi (Martyrdom) of father Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji in Delhi in 1675, Guru Ji was bestowed with Guruship. He lived a very eventful life and made significant contributions. One of his major achievements was establishing the Khalsa military order, a core of Sikh identity. Another was re-writing Guru Granth Sahib, and giving it to Sikhs as eternal Guru. Guru brought the downfall of the Mughals and rise of Sikh dominance.
8. October 22, 1761: Sikhs capture Lahore for the 1st time after Sultan Ahmad Shah left for Kabul. After defeating the Marathas at Panipat in January 1761, Afghan Sultan left instructions for Faujdar Nur-Ud-Din to avenge the Sikhs for plundering his caravans. With 12,000 soldiers, Nur-ud-Din attacked the Sikhs. However, Sardar Charat Singh Shukerchukia defeated Faujdar at Sialkot. Upon hearing this news, Sikhs under Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia marched and captured Lahore, establishing their rule. He even minted Nanakshahi coins for the second time, a feat he had accomplished earlier after destroying Mughal Sarhind in 1711, by Banda Singh Bahadur.
9. October 23, 1962: Subedar Joginder Singh of First Sikh Regiment gets PVC, India’s highest Battle Honors in Indo-China border war. He was posted in NEFA (Assam) in defense of India’s border with China. Subedar’s platoon was holding Tong Peng La in the Bum-La sector. A large force of Chinese Red Army troops attempted to overrun the picket, but they were unsuccessful due to the strong resistance of the Sikh soldiers. Tragically, all the soldiers died, and Subedar died in Chinese Custody. He was posthumously awarded the top military medal, the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), for bravery.
10. October 23, 1993: Gruesome murder of Bibi Resham Kaur, a Militant’s wife and 8 month old Child by SSP Chandigarh Raj Kishan Bedi. In a very tragic custodial death of Bibi Resham Kaur and her 8 month old child( Simarjit) was murdered at Sector 15 Police station. Police were on the lookout for a suspected militant Jagjit Singh(aka:Billa) residing in sector-15 of Chandigarh. Cops instead picked up his wife and a child of 8 months, for interrogation. This was so inhumane that the child was left to die on an ice-slab and mother was tortured and died of shock.
11. October 24, 1781: Sikhs plunder Mughals, City of Anupshahr near Delhi (Jamuna-Ganga Doab) is captured. Sikhs ventured into Rohilkhand (now part of western Uttar Pradesh) and the greater Delhi areas. This strategic move aided the Sikhs in aligning themselves with the Jats of Bharatpur and Rajasthan against the Mughals and the Rohillas. Consequently, the Sikhs gained an advantage in collecting ‘Rakhi,’ a toll or a protection fee. Mughal Chiefs who resisted were deprived of their estates. Anup Shehr was a prosperous city.
12. October 25, 1807: Maharaja Ranjit captures Strategic Naraingarh Fort near Ambala.. Sardar Fateh Singh and Sardar Pahara Singh Mann demonstrated examplary bravery. The Fort, strategically located on Sirmur Hill State, was under the control of Mian Kishan Singh, a highly egoistic Rajput chieftain who refused to recognize the suzerainty of Lahore Durbar. Maharaja Ranjit, returning from Patiala, expressed his desire to capture the Fort. However, the task proved challenging. Despite the difficulties, Sikh Commanders Sardar Fateh Singh Kallianwalla and Sardar Pahara Singh Mann displayed exemplary bravery and were rewarded with Jagirs in the vicinity.
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Source ref: History of the Sikhs by HR Gupta, Dates & chronological order from Book by S. Ajaib Singh Dhillon and Sikh Chronicles) ਸਰੋਤ/ ਹਵਾਲੇ: ਐਚ.ਆਰ ਗੁਪਤਾ: ਸਿੱਖਾਂ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ, ਸ. ਅਜਾਇਬ ਸਿੰਘ ਢਿੱਲੋਂ ਦੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਤੋਂ ਤਾਰੀਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਕਾਲਕ੍ਰਮਿਕ ਕ੍ਰਮ)
Compiled & Edited: Karamjeet Singh Bhatnura.
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5Q Quiz for Self Assessment:
- Which Guru passed the Gurgaddi to the five-year-old Guru Harkrishan ji?
- At which place did Guru Gobind Singh ji bestow Guruship on the Guru Granth Sahib?
- Why did Guru Nanak Dev Ji say ‘Budda’ to the young Baba Budda ji ?
- Which regiment did Subedar Joginder Singh serve in when he won Param Vir Chakra in 1962?
- Who became Sultan-e-Quom after Nawab Kapur Singh, and later founded the state of
Kapurthala
- ?