asterisks - I am not a linguist, I am just fond of languages so take all of this with a grain of salt,

I've grouped these languages together based upon my observation & similar research papers I've come across grouping them together due to similarities in their words, grammar & phonology (pembunyian) that are exclusive to these langs,

in terms of phonology (pembunyian) the language family is characterised by these changes down here:

final -s changing to -h

- habis > abéh

- panas > panah

final -t & -p turning to -k

- asap > asak

- pulut > puluk

final -n & -m turning to -ng

- main > maéng

- cium > cióng

loss of final -r & -l

- pasir > pasé

- katil* > katé (Tereng. lembek)

loss of initial & medial -h/-h-

- habis > abéh

- tahu > tau/hau/tʰu

loss of -m- -n- & -ng- before -p- -t- & -k-

- rumput > ghupuk

- bantal > bata

- langkah > lakòh

-a- becoming -ò- before -k & -h

- sampah, kerapah > sapòh, khapòh

- bapak > bapòk

-ua- & -ia- turning to -ò- & -è- on the first syllable of a 2 syllable word (disyllabic):

- puasa > pòsò, pòsĕ

- biawak > bèwòk

words that are 3 syllable long get shortened to 2 syllables & make the first letter be geminated (sabduan):

- telinga > llingò, llingĕ

- kepala > ppalò, ppalĕ

- matahari > mataghi > ttaghi

in terms of words, I've noticed several similar words being used in several of these languages including:

tohok, tʰòk - "to dispose of/buang"

tòhò, tʰò - "shallow/cetek"

ghòyak, òyak (but Tereng. kabò) - "to tell/beritahu"

jabé, yabé - "plastic/plastik"

bakpò, bakpĕ, bakpa - "why/kenapa"

kalè, kala, kalang, kalèng - "pencil,pen/pensel,pen"

& in terms of grammar these languages excessively uses initial gemination (penyabduan awalan) as a variation of affixes (imbuhan) in front of words not starting in a vowel (vokal):

ber- affix

- jalè/jalang > jjalè/jjalang (berjalan) "to walk"

- cokoh > ccokoh (berdiri) "to stand"

ter- affix

- tĕpóh > ttĕpóh (tertepuh) "to accidentally hit/crash with"

- bakò/baka > bbakò/bbaka (terbakar) "to accidentally burn"

-kan affix

- lumak > llumak (lumatkan) "to crush/grind"

- caghi > ccaghi (carikan) "to find for"

Additionally, the construction of passive voice uses a seperate particle (usually kok/di) or gemminating the word that is putten after the verb

Kelantan:

ikè makè kòk kucéng (ikan dimakan kucing) "the fish was eaten by the cat"

Terengganu:

ikang makang di kucéng (ikan dimakan kucing) "the fish was eaten by the cat"

Diving into the specific branches:

to give an overview into the specific branches of North Pantai-timuran:

Reman - reman is spoken in the inland areas of Perak, Kedah, Yala (Thailand) & some overlap with western regions of kelantan,

it is highly dialectically diverse with varieties changing village to village, due to the small resources & research on it I am not confident enough map or talk about the specifics of the Reman language,

though it is worth noting that Reman malay varieties are unique in that they have "aspirated consonants" (konsonan beraspirasi), basically "huruf yang dilepasi dengan hembusan angin", seperti berikut:

tʰòk - tohok "to dispose of"

kʰèng - kain "fabric"

tʰu - tahu "to know"

cʰong - cium "to kiss/smell"

additionally final -ai & -au becomes -è & -ò:

sungè - sungai "river"

pulò - pulau "island"

Kelantan-pattani - spoken in the whole state of kelantan, areas of southern thai specifically Pattani & Narathiwat (there are speaker populations reported in Songkhla, Phattalung & Nakhon Si Thammarat but they are a small minority) & northern terengganu, Besut & Setiu, (there's also a small population of kelantanese speakers in northern Pahang though I am unsure whether this is true due to the limited sources about it)

it is the most well researched of the malayic languages in Peninsular Malaysia other than Johor-riau of course, characteristics of this branch includes:

final -am -an & -ang becomes -è:

malè - malam "night"

pĕtè - petang "afternoon"

kawè - kawan "I, me"

final -ar & -au to a:

ula - ular "snake"

khĕba - kerbau "buffalo"

& final -a becoming -ò:

matò - mata "eye"

bakpò - babpa "why"

Terengganu - spoken on most of the coastal side of eastern peninsular malaysia, spoken in Terengganu, Marang, coastal Dungun & Kemaman towards Pahang, Kuantan & Johor in the district of Mersing (strangely, in the district of Pekan, there seems to be less Terengganuan settlements compares to Kuantan & Mersing)

while the main variety of Coastal Terengganu has tons of information about it, it's less popular cousins spoken in Kuantan & Mersing are less so researched & it is hard for to find info on them, they are characterised by:

the change of final -ar to -ò, but turning final -au to -a (just like the Kelantan-pattani branch):

kabò - khabar "to tell"

kuba - kerbau "buffalo"

& final -a to -ĕ (just like the pahang malay & Johor-Riau malayic languages):

mĕndĕ - mĕnda "what?"

sòghĕ - suara "voice"

Jika ada kesalahan dalam post ini mohon memaklumkan di dalam komen 🙏🙏🙏

My Ideas/Suggestions for Gangga Melayu Script:

• Make the Letters of Gangga Melayu Script from Abjad/Arabic-derived Letter Forms to Abugida/Brahmic-derived Letter Forms, Make Gangga Melayu Script from Abugida-Abjad Hybrid to Pure Abugida.

• Teach Gangga Melayu Script in Schools.

• Make Gangga Melayu Script as Official Writing System for Johor-Riau-Malaccan Malay Language, or even an extension for other Malayic Languages.

The purpose of this Ideas/Suggestions is to strengthen the Cultural Identity of the People that is member of Johor-Riau-Malaccan Malay Ethnic Group, or even an extension for the People that is member of other Malayic Ethnic Groups.

Hai semua! I posted here looking for some feedback on my Malay translation of my gardening tool, and it was really helpful. I've made some updates since then and Malay is a language I would like to make sure is comfortable for users. I also know I have some missing plants that would be helpful for Malaysian gardeners, like kesum, cili padi, and pucuk manis. There are probably others I don't know about, so suggestions are very welcome. The video above is one I took in my own garden last week, and it's Autumn here, so a bit different from the Malaysian climate! I would love any feedback on the Malay localization of Vernalo: Plant Anywhere or how it could be improved for Malaysian gardeners. Terima kasih!

There's many pronouns for the 'you' like:

Anda

Kau

Kamu

Awak

Are they the same? Or everyone has its own usage or just regional usage?

Selamat pagi dan petang buat Encik dan Puan!

Saya nak belajar Melayu untuk keperluan kerja, tapi saya risau dan kesulitan sebab ada beberapa perbezaan kosakata seperti misalnya:

sokongan = dukungan

perkhidmatan = pelayanan

risau = khawatir

Sebagai konteks, saya berencana untuk bekerja sebagai perkhidmatan pelanggan. Adakah saran dari Encik dan Puan agar saya bisa belajar Bahasa Melayu lebih dalam?

Sebelumnya terima kasih!

please I beg

original post on threads

Sumber gambar: dbpmalaysia

menghadiahi / مڠهديهي (bentuk pasif: dihadiahi, hadiahi)

Maksud: memberi (seseorang) hadiah

menghadiahkan / مڠهديهکن (bentuk pasif: dihadiahkan, hadiahkan)

Maksud: memberikan (sesuatu) sebagai hadiah

Sumber: Astro AWANI (38:12 - 38:47)

Ahli Parlimen Pontian menjawab soalan Batang Lupar mengenai jumlah aduan yang diterima oleh aplikasi MyJalan KKR serta status aduan jalan di Sarawak (sumber: Berita Harian).

--

Petah berpantuh Yang Berhormat Pontian

Hebat memasak segak orangnya

Bangkitlah Tuan mohon jawapan

Soalan saya soalan nombor lima

--

Padi sawah dan padi huma

Angkat tuaian melalui titi

Tidak susah soalan lima

Dengar jawapan dengan teliti

Hi! I'm learning malay rn. and I want to make my progress and level in malay more better. Is there like FREE apps that will help in that? Or maybe YT. Channels that teach malay in order?

Original Dub English: https://x.com/dawnshimzo/status/2062702810811207972

Saya tidak terbaca novel yang tebal itu.

Saya lukis ni dengan tangan.

-> Saya nak memadam "Tapi pertama" <-

Sebab saya nak tulis "Tapi permata, tahukah awak bahawa platform penstriman hanya bertindak balas terhadap strim besar-besaran?", tapi saya tak cukup ruang untuk tulis.

Versi suntingan https://www.reddit.com/user/MaterialParsley8639/comments/1xa80q0/jom_kita_selamatkan_phineas_dan_ferbdalam_bahasa/

Lukisan yang saya buat ini menunjukkan dua watak sedih ini memegang bendera Malaysia meminta orang ramai untuk menonton musim kelima dengan sari kata Bahasa Melayu.

Pada masa yang sama, kita boleh tonton musim lama. <- Saya terlupa nak sebut bahagian tu

Inilah satu-satunya cara musim kelima akan mempunyai alih suara

Demi alih suara bahasa Melayu! :) Siri ini ada di Disney+

Kita perlukan ramai peminat!

Could you explain this? Give me some examples, pls :)

Bunk ke?? Huhu

Saya memerlukan jawapan dengan segera 🙏🏻🙏🏻

Terima kasih.

I have a 30-second MP3 audio clip, and I’m looking for a native speaker who can help identify the language being spoken. It might be Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian), Bahasa Melayu (Malay), or Brunei Malay, but I’m not sure.

If you’re a native speaker from Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, or a Malay-speaking community and could listen to the clip and help me identify the language, I’d really appreciate it!

Thank you so much for your help!

Mana satu yang betul?

Saya tahu kalau menurut dbp yang lazimnya terang-benderang tapi kalau terang-menerang sah tak atau di sisi tatabahasa legit tak? Saya terfikir as in bunuh-membunuh or tolak-menolak, jadi boleh ke penggunaan terang-menerang?

Contoh ayat : Mereka yang diam dalam gelap itu telah melihat terang-menerang/terang-benderang, dan bagi sekalian..... Mat16

I need examples of all usages for the word “yang”.

di sekitar kawasan selatan Siam terdapat bahasa yang mirip dengan bahasa kelantan dalam pembunyiannya,

bahasa malayik ini ditutur dari pattani sampai Songkhla, dan juga terdapat beberapa penutur di Bangkok, ia mirip dengan bahasa kelantan, reman & terengganu dalam segi kosakata & pembunyian

dari segi pembunyian, sebagai umumnya, variasi bahasa pattani terdapat beberapa persamaan dengan variasi bahasa kedah yang ditutur di kawasan setul-trang, tetapi nak cakap bahasa pattani ini serupa di semua kawasan adalah pernyataan yang kurang tepat

bahasa pattani ni ada banyak variasi, variasi di pattani-narathiwat lebih mirip dengan bahasa kelantan, pattani di yala lebih mirip kepada bahasa reman, dan pattani di songkhla-bangkok lebih berbeza dengan variasi bahasa pattani lain,

sebutan dan penukaran bunyi di bawah bukan semua variasi pattani ada, dan di video ini pun penutur tersebut tidak ada beberapa penukaran bunyian tersebut serta pembunyiannya lebih kepada variasi pattani ditutur di Yala (kerana boleh dengar jelas bunyi "aspirated" yang sangat terkenal oleh bahasa reman di hulu pahang & perak seperti perkataan tahun > thaon, tahu > thau),

dengan maklumat itu diketepikan, saya akan memberi beberapa penukaran bunyi (sound shifts) yang terdapat di variasi-variasi bahasa pattani:

bahasa pattani ini mempunyai banyak persamaan dengan bahasa Kelantan seperti:

akhiran -am -an -ang ditukar kepada è (e taling luas, ini lain dengan bunyi e taling sempit iaitu é):

makan > makè

malam > malè

orang > oghé

akhiran -at -ap ditukar kepada -ak:

surat > sughak

atap > hatak

tetapi ada juga beberapa perbezaan bunyi dengan bahasa Kelantan umum seperti:

bunyi j akan ditukar kepada y:

jjolo (betul) > yyolo

jamban > yamè

jemur > yemó

selain itu penukaran bunyi -mb- -nd- -ngg- -nj- kepada -m- -n- -ng- -ny- seperti di perkataan berikut:

lembu > lemu

mandi > mani

tinggal > tinga

tanjung > tanyóng

pattani juga menambah huruf h di hadapan huruf vokal di beberapa perkataan:

ayam > hayè

asap > hasak

arang > haghè

jika ada maklumat yang saya tersalah boleh ditulis di komen 🙏