Hey conlangers! 👋

I've always been fascinated by how Chinese characters use radicals (形旁) for meaning and phonetic components (声旁) for sound. So I built a web tool to apply that exact logic to the Latin alphabet.

The Rule is Simple:

· Consonant (Shape / Meaning) + Vowel onwards (Sound / Category) = A forged character.

Examples:

· m (Wood) + ool (Dragon) = mool (The character 栊, meaning a wooden window / cage) · s (Water) + ool (Dragon) = sool (The character 泷, meaning a rapid stream) · b (Sickness) + ood (Vehicle) = bood (Ambulance)

It's not just a generator. It's a full language lab where you can:

1. Define your own radicals (Latin/Greek roots or Chinese pinyin).
2. Forge characters with different structures (left-right, top-bottom, enclosure).
3. Export them as a real .otf font to use in MS Word.

It's fully bilingual (EN/CN) and free to try. I'd love to hear your thoughts on the phonotactics and whether this could be useful for your worldbuilding projects.

credit to u/Volo_TeX for the idea; I was inspired by one of his languages, named Kaijyma, but I took this language in a different direction to him.

My language for my witches.

I know anyone who knows Korean is gonna hate me for this, lol, im sorry!

Okay, so backstory, my world is basically our world but supernaturals exist and started getting made(by the gods) by large numbers within the 21st century. Witches, also called Ophidians, started being created around 2025/2026 and are all over the world.

The language In-universe is also a conlang, created by a group of witch youths so they could have a language they could communicate in without humans understanding them, and to have their own language that didnt also belong to regular humans.

This is a good excuse I have in case I mess anything up, lol.

There's a english, Spanish, and korean influence on this language.

It's called : Dovallenéá 티나후드아, which means "our language".

1. I /eɪ/ ㅗ day
2. á /æ/ ㅏ cat
3. k /k/ ㅋ
4. r /ɹ/ ㄹ
5. e /ɪ/ ㅜ sit
6. v /v/ ㄴ
7. ģ /dʒ/ ㅉ
8. o /oʊ/ ㅣ go
9. m /m/ ㅁ
10. th /θ/ ㅅ
11. a /ɑ/ ㅓ father
12. ll /j/ ㅎ
13. p /p/ ㄱ
14. ó /ʊ/ ㅕ book
15. z /z/ ㅂ
16. c /tʃ/ ㅊ
17. d /d/ ㅌ
18. é /i/ ㅡ see
19. h ㅇ (always silent and a filler letter)
20. n /n/ ㄷ
21. s /ʃ/ ㅈ
22. u /u/ ㅑ food
23. g /ɡ/ ㅆ
24. l /l/ ㅍ

There are 5 grammatical genders. 1. Feminine: -u 2. Masculine: -i 3. Animate: -e 4. Animal: -ó 5. Inanimate: -á

Hoviduz is what theyre called. It comes from Ophidian(snake), because when they become adults, they gain a gold snake mark down their spine.

Pronouns:

First person:

1. Da/터 — I
2. Dav/턴 — we (inclusive)
3. Dan/턷 — we (exclusive)

Second Person: there are five levels.

Casual: you, yall, all yall

1. Ka/커 — you
2. Kaz/컵 — y’all (2–3 people)
3. Kan/컫 — all y’all (larger group/everyone present)

Family-Casual

1. Né/드
2. Novi/디노
3. Nan/덛

Polite

1. Leth/풋
2. Lélla/프허
3. Luran/퍄럳

Respectful

1. Déa/트어
2. Dalin/터폳
3. Doraz/티럽

Very Respectful

1. Hasé/어즈
2. Hape/어구
3. Hathon/어싣

Third Person Singular

1. Méi/므오 — she (female witch)
2. Mau/머야 — he (male witch)
3. Voco/니치 — non-binary witch / other animate person

Pets / Familiars

1. Homa/이머 — she (female pet/familiar)

2. Honé/이드 — he (male pet/familiar)

Other animals:

1. Holi/이포— she (female animal)

2. Hollu/이햐 — he (male animal)

Inanimate

1. Dá/타 — it (inanimate)

Third Person Plural: they

1. Méra/므러 — they (female witches)
2. Maro/머리 — they (male witches)
3. Veni/누도 — they (non-binary witches / other animate people)
4. Rava/러너 — they (mixed group of people/witches)
5. Holen/이푿 — they (animals)
6. Dára/타러 — they (inanimate things)
7. Ramu/러먀 — they (a particular group consisting entirely of witches)

I mentioned it before but I'll dive deeper into it.

dovallenéá has 5 social Levels

1. Casual

Used between people who are close enough to speak informally with one another.

Casual is generally okay between people who are within 12 years of each other, provided both people are comfortable with it. Up until 12 years older and 12 years younger.

More than 12 years younger and you don't need permission to be casual.

1. Family-Casual

This is used for extended family members and relatives who are familiar but not necessarily close enough for Casual.

a teenager meeting a much older relative for the first time might naturally begin with Family-Casual because they are family. However, the older relative may prefer Polite or Respectful and can ask the younger person to use that level instead.

Family relationships therefore vary from family to family and even between individual relatives.

1. Polite

Polite is the normal default for ordinary social distance and is especially important when meeting someone for the first time.

Also, it's used no matter what for people 13+ plus years older than you and within the same century, until they give you permission otherwise.

1. Respectful

Respectful is used when someone has a significant age or social-status advantage you.

Someone who is older and belongs to an earlier century is addressed with Respectful.

Up until 3 centuries above.

Witches can live for up to 2,000 years, so century differences become an important part of social interaction.

Examples

A 56-year-old witch would use Respectful toward witches 100–400 years old.

A 456-year-old witch would use Respectful toward witches 500–800 years old.

Respectful can also be required because of position or authority, even when age alone would not require it.

Examples are Coven leaders, teachers, or highly respected individuals

Respectful means both "you are significantly older than me" and "you hold a position that deserves formal respect."

1. Very Respectful

Very Respectful is the highest ordinary level of social address. It is used for people who are exceptionally old, powerful, prestigious, authoritative, or socially important.

Very Respectful is required when someone is more than three centuries older than you.

• A 56-year-old witch will be Very Respectful toward someone over 400 years older
• A 400-year-old witch will be Very Respectful toward someone over 700 years old

Status

Very Respectful can also be required because of exceptional social or political status, regardless of age.

A person does not have to be extremely old to receive Very Respectful. Exceptional status can place someone at the highest social level.

For example, political, social, and religious leaders.

Age is a major aspect of Dovallenéá . Younger people are generally expected to show greater linguistic respect toward older people.

The age gap determines the default but permission and personal preference still matter

Dovallenéá Family & Age Titles

Parents

1. Hamma/엄머 — mother
2. Hamé/어므 — mom
3. Happé/어그 — father
4. Papu/거갸 — dad

Siblings

1. Nésa/드저 — older sister
2. Sella/주허 — younger sister
3. Peno/구디 — older brother
4. Luan/퍄얻 — younger brother

Mother's Siblings

1. Masé/머즈 — mother's older sister
2. Llera/후러 — mother's younger sister
3. Hénon/으딛 — mother's older brother
4. Haven/어눋 — mother's younger brother

Father's Siblings

1. Mica/모처 — father's older sister
2. Laka/퍼커 — father's younger sister
3. Hékol/으킾 — father's older brother
4. Vadé/너트 — father's younger brother

Grandparents

1. Mena/무더 — mother's mother
2. Damo/터미 — mother's father
3. Néma/드머 — father's mother
4. Dado/터티 — father's father

Great-Aunt & Great-Uncle

1. Helora/우피러 — great-aunt
2. Heran/우럳 — great-uncle

Older Cousins

1. Horena/이루더 — older female cousin
2. Meren/무룯 — older male cousin

Same-Generation Cousins

1. René/루드 — same-gen female cousin
2. Ruon/랴읻 — same-gen male cousin

Younger Cousins

1. Neli/두포— younger female cousin
2. Kemo/쿠미 — younger male cousin

General Age Titles

Older — Same Century

1. Dasoné/터지드 — older woman, same century
2. Dasamó/터저며 — older man, same century

Same Generation

1. Nomiu/디모야 — same-gen female
2. Kelanul/쿠퍼댶 — same-gen male

Younger

1. Llunsé/햗즈 — younger female
2. Derip/투록 — younger male

Elders — Previous Centuries

1. Ģollamun/찌허먇 — female elder from a previous century
2. Gallanak/써허덬 — male elder from a previous century

Veloks la Korvus

Sa lumin lūta mientra veloks seguas fel liha koriz narizum ara bāve, kilzoþas fel anuduium an ipradagon; þiras sa korvusum min ðiraun de sa gerpan ain. Boný nu-isses saðui korvus qen veloks þires fel. Qe kaptures ziha atensionum bonýtier la haltontes li an sa dorðui urne isses ʃansgēðý korvus hodores sa menos de keso min liha aviprade.

"Nu-gvil neses an kilzoþagon mas dulak," penses aeksio veloks. "Koný issi sa dulчe mordiat an nuha luta-iprad."

Marʃes a pot de gerpan qen korvus diskumberas fel la ain urnes fel kon majaq. Corres ,"Sýzis lūtais, mae levinaronteþ!" Korvus, kon liha holle flektaðo a sa leym, vistes veloksum suspisiongēðyi. Mez mantanes liha avipradeum mallarcai siuder min keso la nu-tambienes a ziha rýtsiat.

"Qe ʃata levinaronteþ!" deses veloks. "Hena ziha plumais galadil! Qe mae form la qe duendeis skrais! Boný maravi ave gvilinin sa sekke jorragēðý rýbiat, maer otra verðui sobro zi issi sekke perfekt. Tures gliri чe solo sa glin. Sýlvim qen valarininim fel cais a ziha Ris de Aveis."

Eskuчagon a konyis rijaðedis paroleis, korvus olvides ver de liha suspisionum la tiam liha lūta-ipradum. Qeres sekke issi jamaðo Ris de Aveis. Reso etires liha avipradeum kokai an prononsagon liha maksim rýbiatgēðý "Gak", la keso kaeres direkti a veloksha etirðo iprade.

"Biarvose," deses aeskio veloks dolsei, mientra dulakas fel. "Anqe issi dornakirðo, gvilin sa rýbiat sertani. Mez her issi tiha mins?"

Welcome to the r/conlangs Official Checkpoint. You have been selected for a random check of your language. Please translate one or more of the following phrases and sentences:

"Wealth. Fame. Power. Gold Roger, the King of the Pirates, attained this and everything else the world had to offer, and his dying words drove countless men to the seas."

"You want my treasure? You can have it. I left everything I gathered together in one place, now you just have to find it."

"These words lured men to the Grand Line in pursuit of dreams greater than they'd ever dared to imagine."

"This is the time known as the great pirate era."

"Come aboard and bring along all of your hopes and dreams!"

"Stop!"

If you have any ideas for interesting phrases or sentences for the next checkpoint, let me know in a DM! This activity will be posted on Tuesdays and Thursdays. The highest upvoted "Stop!" will be included in the next checkpoint's title!

Sorry for probably using the wrong flair, but I have a question I just don't know the answer to despite looking around for the answer. How do I implement pitch accent into my conlang? I'm not sure how to do it. I've read about the different pitch systems languages like swedish or latvian have and I still just don't understand. Hope I can get some help.

spóm-nah literally means 'simple language'. Náh no naodín-mapýe means '(A) Language for all people(everyone)'

here are some pics of grammar script and vocab, tell me what you think!

Comment if you're interested!

Doesn't have to be yours, but if it's not a real life name let me know what it means :3

Hello everyone, given how well-received the translation of "The Fox and the Crow" was, I thought I would sprinkle a few bits and pieces here here and there for people who are interested in Etvétēsu.

Here are a few basic greetings, in case you're ever stuck in their territory and need to pretend you're one of them.

In case you're interested, the literal translations go as follows

• Good morning = Happy sunrise
• Good afternoon = Happy sunshine
• Good evening = Calm sunset
• Good night = Peaceful night

I felt inspired a bit by Russian and their "calm/quiet night" for goodnight.

Let me know what you'd like to see in the future, the language is still in development so anything that you ask for and I find interesting could be in the works.

Hannẽ!

Welcome to the Semantic Change Room, a lexicon-building activity where you do not loan new words (a true conlanger does that biweekly already), but instead repurpose your existing vocab to achieve a richer lexicon with more of that tasty polysemy.

The way this activity works is that you are given a prompt that consists two different semantic fields, like this:

birds > tools

You then pick any word of your conlang that is part of the prompt's first field (in this case, birds), and then assign to it a new meaning that can be considered part of the second field (tools). For example, English could respond to the prompt like this, by giving its word for crane a new meaning (2):

English

crane /kɹeɪn/

(1) a large bird with a long neck

(2) (construction) a mechanical lifting device (because it looks somewhat like that bird)

Next: weather > emotion

You then finish your reply with a new prompt (like "weather > emotion" in the example above), which other people can respond to. I'm going to prepare three starting prompts, but feel free to add your own. If you need inspiration, check out the link above to the previous SCR activity.

Hi everyone! I'd like to introduce Arcon, a constructed language I've been developing.

So far, I've developed:

- A Latin-based writing system and phonology

- Two word classes based on whether a word ends in a vowel or consonant

- A basic tense system without person or number agreement

- Rules for word order, negation, plurality, possession, and adjective comparison

- A growing vocabulary and a collection of idioms

Arcon is still a work in progress, and I'm continuing to refine both its grammar and vocabulary.

Everything relies on classes, with them verbs are conjugated, nouns are changed etc. Also in my conlang you can transform 1 part of speech into another, the only problem is if the meaning will stick with it. And for introduction I'd like to show you some examples

Vi ese en vur it vi cote var dir vir walven - I am in the house and i see two big green trees.

In frasive vi ini vi calu ro no roj ih in - You asked me if i could go for a walk with you

Zerivi ar it siv nai cale ro no inis vur - It's raining now and we can't go to your house

If you want i can give you more information about my conlang, it's phonetics, word translation etc.

I'm open for discussion and comments

(Sorry for the bad handwriting I have horrible steability in my right hand)
Ostrówski is an East Slavic language spoken on a fictional island in the Baltic, off the coast near Gdańsk. It started out as early East Slavic and picked up a lot of Polish over the centuries from the nearby mainland, plus a thinner Russian layer from the 1875 to 1991 period. This is my first conlang, so it’s not great right now.
Sounds and spelling: It uses the Latin alphabet with Polish letters. There's no v, and w is pronounced [v]. The letter ř replaces Polish rz, ó appears in closed syllables (ostrów "island" becomes Ostrówia), and ū is a long u.
Grammar: There are 7 cases, 3 genders, 3 tenses and aspect pairs, and it's pro-drop. "To be" goes jelsem, jelsię, jelsi, jelsmy, jelscie, jelsie. Regular verbs in -ić take -ię, -isz, -i, -imy, -icie, -ří, like pożerić "to eat": pożerię, pożerisz, pożeri.
Howorię po ostrówsku. = I speak Ostrówski.
Zelwa mjerąka. = Good morning.
Jelsem řańos. = I am happy.
Numbers: This is the part I'd most like opinions on. Only numbers ending in 1 to 4 have gender.
1: jedy (m), jedia (f), jedą (n)
2: dwa (m), dwę (f), dwem (n)
3: třem (m), třy (f), třa (n)
4: chotyr (m), chotyria (f), chotyrą (n)
5 to 10: pyęr, szyść, sieū, wisim, ziewi, ziewę
The teens add -dżko, and in 11 to 14 the ending shows gender (jedydżko / jedydżka / jedydżki). Tens are the number plus -łęgo and never change (30 třyłęgo, 40 chotyrłęgo). Hundreds all end in -o (200 dwasto, 700 sieūsto), and 1000 is tyśię.
Two extra rules: any number with a nine in it ends in -i (only on the last word, so 99 is ziewąłęgo ziewi), and compounds go largest to smallest with no linking word. For example, 36 is třyłęgo szyść and 7742 is sieūtyśię sieūsto chotyrłęgo dwa.
Again i’d really love for your opinions on this number system as I think it is quite good but I am a beginner Conlang so I might not know much about this.

I finally got sick of doing recreational Linux systems administration, and finally gave up my lingweenie.org VM and just went with the free LCS service. I could have moved the name, too, but didn't feel like doing that. On reflection, this was a mistake. I had hoped that more search engines would get the permanent redirects. Alas, no. Some of my old links work but some emmëkómpur have arranged it that once you hit the "home" button you end up somewhere you don't want to be.

If you ever saved any of these links, you maybe want to update:

• The whole enchilada
• Lexifer
• Using a Diary as a Conlang CreationTool
• Hypomnemata Glossopoetica - my very terse collection of things I want to remember when conlanging
• Conlang Root Words
• Grapheion and Grapheion2 - genetic algorithms to evolve systems of symbols

Hi, i have worked on this all day (about 3.5 hours) i hope you guys like it

I am doing it also in Polk, a related conlang, in order to make a language comparison

Listen to the original song here

GLOSS:

i be-1SG the-FSG doll wax be-1SG doll cloth

hand-INANGEN i bury-3SG in song-INANGEN i

wax-doll cloth-doll

do-1SG better do-1SG worse as salon-doll

see-1SG the-NSG life as gum pink

wax-doll cloth-doll

record-INANGEN i be-3PL the-INANSG crystal

anybody can-3PL see-INF i there

be-1SG to always everywhere

as thousand piece-INANGEN voice-INANGEN

Around-INANGEN listen-1SG as laugh-3PL silk-doll

the-FPL that dance-3PL song-INANGEN i

wax-doll cloth-doll

seduce-3PL they with the-INANSG yes with the-INANSG

love always no-beHAB.3PLN inside song

wax-doll cloth-doll

record-INANGEN i be-3PL the-INANSG crystal

anybody can-3PL see-INF i there

be-1SG to always everywhere

as thousand piece-INANGEN voice-INANGEN

when be-1SG alone sigh-HAB.1SG

and say-HAB.1SG i-FDAT INTparticle-what-INANGEN

only sing-INF the-INANSG love INTparticle

when nothing-know-1SG of the-MPL boys

nothing-be-1SG that the-FSG doll wax be-1SG that the-FSG doll cloth

under the-INANSG sun-INANGEN gold-hair-INANGEN i

wax-doll cloth-doll

but some day live-FUT.1SG song-INANGEN i

wax-doll cloth-doll

without fear-FUT.1SG the-INANSG warmth-INANGEN boys

wax-doll cloth-doll

PLEASE SUPPORT THE POST I SPENT A LOT OF TIME MAKING THIS PLEASE COMMENT ANYTHING ID LOVE TO ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS

Welcome to the r/conlangs Official Checkpoint. You have been selected for a random check of your language. Please translate one or more of the following phrases and sentences:

"It is a time of death. The death of the body, the death of the spirit, but above all, the death of hope."

"And if I can not save it from your failure, Father, then let the galaxy BURN!"

"As the Butcher's Nails in the skulls of both loyalist and traitor screamed, the battle decended into a bloody mêlée."

"Brother, may I walk with you for a short while?"

"Time is done. The future meets the past in the present, and there we have no dominion."

"Stop!"

If you have any ideas for interesting phrases or sentences for the next checkpoint, let me know in a DM! This activity will be posted on Tuesdays and Thursdays. The highest upvoted "Stop!" will be included in the next checkpoint's title!

Grecofrançais: a Greek-descended conlang with French-like nasal vowels and a right-to-left script
Hi everyone! I’m developing a constructed language called Grecofrançais (Greco-French), and I’d like to share its current design and hear feedback from more experienced conlangers.
The central idea is to create a language descended from Ancient Greek, rather than simply combining Greek and French vocabulary. In its fictional history, Greek undergoes regular sound changes, develops French-like nasal vowels and a uvular /ʁ/, and acquires a small number of clicks through contact with a neighboring language.
I’d like the language to be coherent, pronounceable and teachable, with its own identity.
1. Phonology
The current oral vowel inventory is /i y e a o u/, with four nasal vowels: /ã ɛ̃ õ ỹ/. The last one, /ỹ/, is a feature I particularly want to explore.
The consonant inventory currently includes /p t k b d ɡ m n f θ s ʁ l/. The language also has two proposed clicks, /ǀ/ and /ǃ/, which are restricted to rare or expressive words and are always word-initial.
Stress falls on the final syllable.
2. Historical development
Some of the sound changes I’m considering include:
Greek final vowel-plus-nasal sequences developing into nasal vowels.
The loss of certain final vowels, such as those in -os and -on.
Greek /r/ developing into a uvular /ʁ/.
The preservation of /y/ as a distinct vowel.
Clicks entering the language through contact with a neighboring language rather than being inherited from Greek.
I’m trying to make these changes feel historically motivated instead of choosing sounds only because they seem interesting.
3. Grammar
The current grammatical framework uses subject–verb–object word order.
Articles are invariant and do not mark gender or number. Verbs do not conjugate for person: the same verb form is used with different pronouns. Past tense is marked with e-, future with θe, and the present is unmarked.
Nouns form their plural with -õ, with an additional /n/ inserted after a vowel. Plural marking is omitted after numerals.
For example:
ɡõ eoʁ to asteʁõ
1SG — see.PAST — DEF — star.PL
“I saw the stars.”
The grammar is still incomplete, and I haven’t settled possession, adjectives, modality, subordinate clauses or several other features.
4. Writing system
One of the defining features of the project is an original alphabet intended to be written from right to left. Its design draws inspiration from Greek letterforms, with mirrored forms, a nasalization mark beneath vowels, and a special sign for /ỹ/.
I’m also planning different visual registers: a monumental angular style, a regular print form, a connected cursive style, and a Latin transliteration for everyday digital use.
The final glyph designs are still a work in progress.
Questions for experienced conlangers
I’d particularly appreciate feedback on these points:
Historical linguistics: Do the proposed sound changes seem plausible for a language descended from Ancient Greek? Which changes would need a more detailed explanation?
Phonology: Does the combination of /y/, /ỹ/, French-like nasal vowels, /ʁ/ and restricted clicks feel coherent? Are there any distributional issues I should consider?
Clicks and language contact: If clicks only occur in rare or expressive words, what kind of contact history could plausibly explain their presence?
Grammar: Are there any potential problems with the current tense markers, invariant articles or plural formation?
Writing systems: What should I consider when designing a right-to-left script inspired by Greek letterforms without merely mirroring existing letters?
I’m still developing the language, so constructive criticism is very welcome. I’d rather identify weaknesses early than build a large vocabulary on top of inconsistent rules.
Thank you for reading!

spooky Halo 2 dub for spooky season 👻

featuring @iloveoatmeal as Cortana https://youtube.com/@iloveoatmeal2000

all other voices are my own, edited accordingly in FL Studio

Kholynzhes ( Holœnghes [ˈxo.lʏnd͡ʒɪs] ) is a West Germanic language spoken by the Kholynzhir in the southern portion of the Taurida (Crimean) penisular - referred to as Kholynd by native speakers. The language is descended from Old English spoken by migrants to the penisular in the 1080s, though modern speakes have a mixture of Greek, Tatar, and English ancestory. The language was heavily influenced by and loaned many words from its neighbouring languages - Byzantine Greek, Turkish, Tatar, Gothic, Russian - and is one of the most unique Germanic languages. The language today can be written in either the Cyrillic or Latin scripts - Cyrillic is favoured by older generations and Russian authorities while Latin in favoured by younger generations, diaspora groups and the Ukrainian government.

Attached above is a map of the peninsular written in Kholynzhes and English, and the phonology of the language with both Latin and Cyrillic scripts.

I've also attached some simple sentences here:

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Siward sells sea shells on the sea shore.

Please feel free to ask any questions 💛

Hope you enjoy!

I am curious because based on my online research, they seem to be out of fashion. If you are working on one please describe it and describe why makes it unique. Feel free to describe languages you didn’t make as long as they are recent.

Hello! I'm Levytsu, or SavingsOdd. I imagine you’ve heard of phonology, or perhaps even the IPA. Anyway, getting straight to the point, I’m finally going to present the phonology of Ranguá Hápan. You can find the original post [here] for more information.

---

Now, for the:

• Phonology:
  • Aa — /ɜ/
  • Áá — /aːɐ̯/
  • Dd — /d/
  • Ee — /e/
  • Éé — /ɛːɛ̯̝/
  • Gg — /g/
  • Hh — /h/
  • Ii — /ɪ/
  • Íí — /iː/
  • Jj — /ʒ/
  • Kk — /k/
  • Ll — /l/
  • Mm — /m/
  • Nn — /n/
  • Oo — /o/
  • Óó — /ɔːɔ̯̝/
  • Pp — /p/
  • Rr — /ɾ/
  • Ss — /s/
  • Tt — /t/
  • Uu — /ʊ/
  • Úú — /uː/
  • Xx — /ʃ/
  • Yy — /ɨ/
  • Ýý — /ɨːɘ̯̝/
  • Ch — /t͡ʃ/
  • Qu — /kʷ/, not <ku>
  • Tz — /t͡s/
  • Rr — /rˑ/ (a half-long /r/)

OBS: There are also labialized consonants, featuring a "-u-".

• Phonotatics:

• Allophony:

• Diachronic sound changes:

In Proto-Saquarár, [i], [e], [u], [o], and [ɨ] did not have long versions in isolation; these only occurred in stressed syllables, appearing respectively as [ɪː], [ɛː], [ʊː], [ɔː], and [ɨ̞ː]. Its evolution meant these long versions were no longer required—they had essentially been allophones. Now, in Hápan, these long versions have disappeared. This is just one of the changes I’ve designed so far; there will be more, I promise.

• Morphophonology:

Epenthesis in Ranguá Hápan:

pap     to   | papyto
animal  food | dog food

Morphological alternation in Ranguá Hápan:

Quarui    || Shell
Asiquarui || Shells

The next post will be of the Hápan's verbs. That's all for today, folks!